Electric Energy Generation Alternatives

2009 Is a Great Year to Save Energy, Your Money and the World

2009-01-27T16:12:00.004-05:00

This is going to be the year that you take action to reduce your energy bill.

Changes keep improving the function and ease of using on line energy audit materials. The US Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy site has everything you need to get started. Try their YOUR HOME site for a great beginning for 2009 that will help you see where you can cut energy bills at your house.

Be sure to click on every link on the left side to get the most useful information about saving energy at your house. The amount of free cost saving information is astounding. Even if you aren’t interested in one of the links today, click it anyway. You will be surprised at what you learn. Then you can pass the information on to someone you know that might need help.

Here is what you are looking for. Go ahead click them all.

Apartments
Appliances & Electronics
Designing & remodeling
Electricity
Energy Audits
Insulation & Air Sealing
Landscaping
Lighting & Daylighting
Space Heating & Cooling
Water Heating
Windows, Doors & Skylights

We can all be part of the solution whether you are concerned about the environment, the economy, climate change, energy independence or cutting your home expense budget, its all related and you can make a difference and see results.
© 2009 Mark R. Daily

Step One to Energy Addiction Recovery

2009-01-21T13:19:00.003-05:00

Know the difference between “Energy Efficiency” and “Energy Conservation” and you will have taken the first step to energy addiction recovery. Plus, you may find joy and happiness.

Last year, energy efficiency guru Amory Lovins wrote this in an email to me and I assume, to many others.

“Fear of specific and avoidable dangers has evolutionary value. Nobody has ancestors who weren’t mindful of saber-toothed tigers. But pervasive dread, currently in fashion and sometimes purposely promoted, is numbing and de-motivating. When I give a talk, sometimes a questioner details the many bad things happening in the world and asks how dare I propose solutions: isn’t resistance futile? The only response I’ve found is to ask, as gently as I can, “Does feeling that way make you more effective?”To be sure, mood does matter. The last three decades of the twentieth century reportedly saw 46,000 new psychological papers on despair and grief, but only 400 on joy and happiness. If psychologists want to help people find joy and happiness, they’re looking in the wrong places. Empathy, humor, and reversing both inner and outer poverty are all vital. But the most solid foundation we know for feeling better about the future is to improve it—tangibly, durably, reproducibly, and scaleably.

This year you can feel better about the world and yourself by learning more about energy efficiency and energy conservation. When you do this the future improves.

There is a lot of hype centered on the terms “energy conservation” and “energy efficiency” and most consumers seem clueless when it comes to knowing the difference and asking the right questions at the right time.

In over twenty years of dealing with electric utility consumers I believe that only about one in nine knows what they are saying when they ask, “which one is more efficient”? They don’t really care which one is more efficient. What they really care about is which one is cheaper.

So the difficult questions become, cheaper for whom and efficient in which way?

The answer for “which one is more efficient" is easy. It’s the solution that uses less energy to produce the same amount of work. This work could be light, heat, refrigeration, air conditioning etc.

The answer for “which one is less expensive” is never easy.

Everyone knows that a cheaper purchase price is often a dead give away for a product that will actually be more expensive over the product’s life of operation. The simple life cycle comparison of a fifty cent incandescent light bulb compared to its more “efficient” product, the three dollar compact fluorescent bulb, can be replicated with even higher costs savings when comparing refrigerators, pumps, water heaters, furnaces, windows, insulation and houses just to name a few.

Each fuel and each appliance has variables that are hard to compare. Certain fuels cost more up front like solar photovoltaic energy. Certain fuels and products traditionally avoid external costs and come in looking cheaper until you factor in the costs for healthcare, environmental degradation, and tax payer subsidies, like coal and nuclear power. The challenge is to define and quantify those external costs. This is hard to do and the producers of these energy products don’t really want you to figure out or factor in, those external costs. Just like the tobacco industry doesn’t want you to factor in the costs of treating lung diseases with the cost of a pack of cigarettes.

Here are the variables that go into the answer for the question, “which one is cheaper?”

What is the cost and efficiency to get the product (useful energy) to your house?

What is the true life cycle cost including operating costs and purchase price of the appliances that use the energy?

What are the operating habits and skills of the people using the appliance?

What is the quality of the building envelope or location in which the appliance is used?

In its simplest definition, energy conservation means those actions that cause you to use less energy. This could be as simple as keeping the thermostat lower and wearing a sweater on a cold day or as silly as trying to read in the dark. Sure you are saving energy and reducing your bill, but you have to suffer to do it. Americans don’t like to suffer. Consequently, most energy conservation programs do little to actually reduce energy use.

Energy Efficiency on the other hand means getting your beer just as cold or our home just as warm with efficient systems or products that use less energy. Like the compact fluorescent light bulb that produces the same light output for less than half the energy use of an incandescent bulb, or the better insulated house that uses less energy to heat the same square footage.

I am not a big fan of Wikipedia because it’s too easy for facts and sources to be questionable. Yet, I often start there for an overview of a topic and then check facts with other websites I consider more reputable or scientific. Their energy efficiency section seems factual and actually helpful. I recommend that you visit and read it all. It will give you some ideas about the possibilities for energy efficient products that can maintain your lifestyle without suffering more than a little higher purchase price. In most cases the life cycle cost of an energy efficient product or system will be cheaper than the “cheaper” product to purchase.

By understanding your options and understanding the language used to talk about energy and energy issues, you can take a big step to your own energy independence, cut your utility bills in the process and find joy and happiness. Wow, this is going to be a great year.

Hey, don’t be sticking your big sausage in my daughter’s face, buddy

2009-01-06T18:17:00.001-05:00

I walked into a grocery store in Bozeman Montana with my daughter several years ago and came face to face with a large man wearing a large cowboy hat. He was standing behind a large table filled with large plates of sausage. Yep, you guessed it – large sausage.

He poked a smoky looking link in my daughter’s face and said, ‘try some of the best sausage in the west”. My daughter responded in an icy monotone, “no thanks, I’m a vegetarian”. The large man tipped his large hat politely and said, “I heard there was a vegetarian in Montana, I’m really glad to meet you ma’am”.

While beef’s for dinner in Montana, coal is still king. I have no idea if, Montana Governor Brian Schweitzer is a vegetarian, but I know for sure he likes coal. It’s fine to like coal. I like coal. Without it many of us in the USA would be paying lots more for our electricity today. Over fifty percent of our electricity comes from coal. If you live in the Midwest or West it’s more like sixty percent. Yet, the cost of electricity may not accurately reflect the true cost to the planet as we all now know from listening to the climate change debate.

Yet, as any smoker knows, old habits are hard to break and Governor Schweitzer doesn’t seem to understand the addiction. In a recent Christian Science Monitor article (12/29/08) the Governor said. " ..unless you are willing to live naked in a tree and eat nuts for the next thirty years, coal's going to be part of the portfolio”.

So much for Al Gore’s Repower America with “100% clean electricity within 10 years”.

The wide gap between the Governor’s assertion and Al’s cheerful optimism can’t help but make you feel like turning on the TV to another mind numbing program. What’s the point any way, either Brian or Al is crazy. They both could be crazy, it’s a sure bet that one of them can’t be sane.

Meanwhile thousands, yes thousands of people are living fully clothed in nice homes, eating beef and sausage off the grid. A quick scan of off the grid systems finds thousands of single family homes across the USA with normal people, fully clothed and well feed that have jsut decided to delare thier own energy independance.

Find a Solar professional to get started and we’ll make Governor’s, Ex-senators and electric distribution companies irrelevant.

I know you have heard it from me before, but I am going to keep saying it for the rest of my life; or until the opposing sides in the climate change and energy generation debates stop calling each other names; and get down to the business of agreeing on facts, plans and actions that we can all get behind. If this is the moral equivalent of war as some argue, we have at least got to agree on which enemy we are fighting and stop shooting each other.

We must learn to play nicely in the sand box and quit calling each other names. I think every policy-maker, every politician and every business executive in the world should read, understand and pledge to follow Adam Kahane’s steps for Changing the World by Changing How We Talk and Listen. If we don’t stop downloading, we will continue to waste valuable time and resources shooting at each other and dying from friendly fire. It doesn’t matter what you wear or what you eat, you have got to see the wasteful stupidity in continuing that way.
© 2009 Mark R. Daily

Slow Economic Times Mean Time to Re-Tool Alternate Energy and Energy Conservation Policies and Regulations

2009-01-01T19:32:00.001-05:00

Falling energy demand could soften the incentive to implement energy conservation programs and initiatives across the USA. As fossil fuel prices fall, renewable energy advocates expect declining support for expensive renewable energy projects. Yet, this could be just the right time to develop the national energy policy needed to guide us when demand roars back after economic recovery.

The Energy Information Administration of the Department of Energy says, “Total electricity consumption during 2008 is projected to be flat at about 2007 levels, as slight growth in the commercial and industrial sectors is balanced by decline in the residential sector, primarily as a result of milder summer temperatures (U.S. Total Electricity Consumption). Total electricity consumption is expected to decline in 2009 due to the slow growth in new housing construction and reduced demand in the industrial sector.”

Declining prices always mean declining excitement and support for alternate energy programs. We’ve been through this before. Yet despite the slow-down in demand, prices for residential electricity do not appear to be falling. Again according to the Official Energy Statistics from the US Government, “Spot prices for power generation fuels continue to decline from their peak summer levels. Residential electricity prices are expected to rise by 6 percent this year and by 5 percent in 2009 (U.S. Residential Electricity Prices). Still these price increases pale compared to the national average of 10 percent residential rate increases between 2005 and 2006.

This lull is just the right time for policy makers, utilities and consumers to take action; adopt a national energy policy and put into place uniform local energy and distributed generation policies. If we do it now, these regulations will be in place when we all get too busy putting out our own brush fires when the economy gets back into full swing.

Cutting the Red Tape Out features ideas for better uniformity of regulations and permitting for distributed generation equipment. Now is the time to contact your federal, states and local elected representatives to tell them what you want in the way of distributed renewable energy systems. This also the time to tell them to review their regulations pertaining to building, energy efficiency, and alternate energy systems. It won’t matter how great your utility incentives are for wind and solar power if local building codes impose unreasonable and outdated requirements. Or, worse yet, if they have no regulations pertaining to wind towers , photovoltaic systems on roofs etc., advocates for these systems will end up triggering moratoriums on these “new” developments that could take years to unravel.

If you want to save the world and promote alternate energy development, you cannot wait until you’re in the building permit office filling out construction permit forms to find out what the requirements are in your area. If you do, you deserve to spend lots of time, twice as much money and three times the patience getting your project completed.

In May 2000 all of the world's science academies created the Inter-Academy Council to mobilize the best scientists and engineers worldwide to provide high quality advice to international bodies - such as the United Nations and the World Bank - as well as to other institutions. They recognize that barriers to adopting new technologies are not always financial. In their report Barriers to realizing cost-effective energy savings they describe institutional and personal barriers to adopting energy efficient systems including alternate energy systems.

Now is the time to make that call and tell your elected representatives where you stand on renewable energy. It also the time to do your home work and find out what the regulations and policies are in your area to make sure that state and local governments and local utilities are ready to do alternate energy business.

© 2009 Mark R. Daily

Electric Energy Independence is already underway – One house and one business at a time.

2008-12-23T15:24:00.003-05:00

Forget the US Government and Obama’s rhetoric. Remember, every presidential candidate has campaigned on Energy Independence for the last thirty years. Forget your local utility. They’ve been doing business the same way for over 60 years.

Several Blogs ago I predicted the demise of the electric distribution industry as we know it. In Death of the Electric Industry I predicted the end of distribution utilities. In Death of the Electric Industry Part II, I explained how I think this is going to happen.

As little bits and pieces come to me that support my prediction, I tend to get a smug little grin on my face. My predictions had to do with residential customers jumping the grid tied ship like rats on a sinking vessel. But, Solar buzz recently announced a small commercial project that leads the way in proving that even industry can make use of solar energy in a mediocre solar climate like Connecticut. Tri-Town Precision Plastics plans to go solar and expects their investment to pay for itself in six years and deliver all of their electric energy needs all year long.

To plan your escape from the grid you only need two things, know-how and cash. Check out these websites to get the know-how. By acting on this information you can trim your energy appetite and get your house ready for energy independence without the expense of a solar system. Then after you’ve saved a bundle off your utility bill (said bundle being prudently stashed in a secure savings account) you are ready to use available incentives in your area to match your cash and build the system. Find my energy saving tips here.

Useful information is all about “Trust”. If you don’t trust the source of the information you are not going to follow their recommendations. Find sources of Know-How that you trust. Here are some that look pretty good to me.

The Edison Electric Institute (EEI) sponsors efficiency tips at getenergyactive.org. Organized in 1933, EEI is the association of U.S. shareholder or investor-owned electric companies. Their members serve 95 percent of the end use customers in the investor-owned part of the industry, and represent approximately 70 percent of the U.S. electric power industry. So you might be justified in being suspicious of their motives. However, all utilities, especially investor-owned utilities are falling all over themselves these days to prove to regulators that their rate increase requests are justified. One way that they do this is to show State Regulatory Commissions that they take energy conservation seriously.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has locked horns with utilities across the nation over air quality issues. These guys are not friends of the electric utility industry. They are supposed to be friends of the environment. ENERGY AND YOU is their site for all kinds of good information on energy conservation.

The benefits of visiting the above two sites are that they aren’t trying to sell any specific products.

Commercial sites might make you leery, but I think Real Goods has a good reputation for getting systems on the ground that work. Be sure to visit their Get Started and Economics & Financing links.

The American Solar Energy Society (ASES) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to increasing the use of solar energy, energy efficiency, and other sustainable technologies in the U.S. Sure they are selling solar equipment and trying to employ solar installation contractors, but these guys can’t last if they lie. Their Solar calculator will take your Monthly kWh and calculate the size of the system you need based on your climate.

Now you are ready to match your utility savings with incentives that can help reduce your out of pocket expenses. This data base at the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency can help you stretch your funds to meet your energy independence goals.

Maybe I’ll be reading about your off grid solar system and smiling one of these days. Don’t get mad at your utility, leave them
© 2008 Mark R. Daily

Steps to Cut Your Utility Bill

2008-12-17T12:57:00.002-05:00

Why spend any more money than necessary on your utility bills? Most people continue doing it because they just can’t get motivated to do anything about energy efficiency or energy conservation. They don’t know where to start or which steps to take to save the most off their utility bills. Many people want to “go solar” or be “off the grid” without really knowing what those terms mean.

We all like the idea of energy independence. The recent election reminds me that there has not been a presidential candidate since before Jim Carter that hasn’t promised “energy independence”. Yet, our dependence on energy grows everyday and only a handful of homes provide “off-grid” energy and 21st century western world comforts at the same time.

Where do you start? Whether you plan to “go solar” or just cut your utility bill, the steps are the same.

Step one; find out what energy you use and why you use it. This is harder than it sounds but not as hard as you might think. By using a combination of your own utility bill’s energy use history, a $40.00 appliance meter and the gas or electric meter on your property, you will be able to figure it out.

The EPA’s Power Profiler can get you started with some basic information. They claim “Power Profiler will:
- Determine your power grid region based on your ZIP code and electric utility
- Compare the fuel mix and air emissions rates of the electricity in your region to the national average
- Determine the air emissions impacts of electricity use in your home or business

“Power Profiler is very easy to use and takes about 5 minutes. To start, all you need is your ZIP code.”

Its true and it seems fairly accurate, although you may not be able to pick the exact power company supplying your home. Still it’s a fun exercise and it’s educational. By clicking on the My Emmisions you will see how your house contributes to the issue of global climate change. You‘ll get the most detailed answer if you can fill in your monthly kWh use from your monthly electric bill. That’s another good reason to keep track of your personal energy impact by reading your bill and writing down the monthly kWh. You can get this data from your local utility too. If you do this, ask for the monthly data for the last three years so you can average out weird weather or unusually visitor impacts – like your brother-in-law leaving the refrigerator door open the whole week he was house sitting.

While you are at this site you should click the other two options as well, “Be More Energy Efficient” and “ Buy Green Power”. These links get you to information that can save you money and help you learn how and why you use energy.

The main step in the “How and Why I use Energy” investigation is to do an “Energy Audit”. Some people don’t get this, but you have to do this. I once worked on a video production that filmed one of my energy audits for a consenting customer and the videographer wrote “Energy Odd It” on the cover. I wish a different term had been coined for this, like “List of Energy Using Crap in your House”, because “Energy Audit” sounds so….. mathematical. Sixth grade math is all you need for this.

If you can’t do sixth grade math try the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Consumers Guide to Home Energy Audits. For some reason they do not include appliance energy use as part of their “Home Energy Audit” so you will have to go to their separate Appliance and Home Electronics section. Do your Audit on a room by room search. This will point to rooms that you will want to focus on to get the most energy savings.

Once you have your List of Energy Using Crap in Your House (LOEUCIYH), assign an energy use unit to it like kWh or CCF for the month. This is the only way to motivate a reduction in your energy use which is the only way you are going to actually save money off your utility bill.

By adding up all of the monthly Energy Use numbers in each room from your LOEUCIYH , you will see patterns of use that you might be able to change. No you are ready to compare your Energy Audit, I mean LOEUCIYH results with your unit price per kWh or CCF to get actual dollars spend on your energy. You really should come within about 5% of your actual bill- don’t forget to subtract tax and minimum monthly charges.

Saving money off your utility and saving the planet are important actions we should all take. Hey, if it was easy, we would have already done it, right? Now you know where to start, so what are you waiting for? You could be saving money.

"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it's the only thing that ever has". - Margaret Mead

© 2008 Mark R. Daily

Utility Bill Paying 101

2008-12-09T11:14:00.004-05:00

Nationwide there is a certain frustration about paying utility bills. So much so that people jokingly refer to the experience as paying “futility bills”. These jokers probably view their electric and gas bill as something someone does to them rather than something that they do to themselves, but in all cases it is true that if you do not have a meter you will not have a bill. It’s easy right? Just call those bastards up today and say, come and get this thing out of my yard- or off my house or whatever; then, no bill. Some frustrated bill payers have actually done this and gone “off the grid” with generators or alternate energy systems that include wind and solar. Being your own power company sounds cool, but if it was that easy, more people would do it.

The first thing that you need to know about utility bill paying, is that you are going to be paying one for the rest of your life – one way or another. You may be off the grid and get all your energy from wind and photovoltaic power, but unless you paid cash for that system, you are making loan payments that amount to a “utility bill”. Once you pay off the loan there may be minimal maintenance expenses, but it won’t be zero. And, if you have batteries, in seven to ten years they’ll need to be replaced – so there will always be some type of “utility bill” in time, effort or cash to keep your lights on and beer cold. Even if you get a rental deal where the landlord pays the utilities, a portion of your rent payment covers the utilities. The only way out of paying for utilities is to not have a meter and to not use any electricity or gas of any kind, period.

Why do I make a point of saying “not have a meter and not use any electricity or gas”? Aren’t they the same thing? No. Electric and gas meter costs are coming down, but they are not free. No utility is going to give you a free meter. You will be paying for your meter through a minimum monthly fee on your bill or the meter expense will be built into your energy use fee.

Your Load - In utility language, your house or business is a “load”. This means that your building needs electricity or gas and depending on a long list of variables you either need a little electricity or gas or a lot of electricity or gas. So you are either a little load or a big load or something in between – but in all cases, if you need electricity or gas, you are a load. You will sometimes hear the term “demand”. This is a synonym for “load” because you – or at least your building is “demanding” electricity or gas. This is the source of the term “demand side management” or DSM. If your utility has DSM programs, they are trying to manage the demand, usually downward, to reduce the supply that they have to come up with.

Residential electricity is billed by the kilowatt hour (kWh). The “W” in the abbreviation is capitalized in reference to James Watt. One kilowatt hour is the energy used by a 1,000 watt load in one hour. For example, if you turn on ten 100 watt bulbs for an hour, you use 1 kWh of electricity.

Propane gas is generally billed by the gallon. Natural gas is generally billed by the Therm, or 100 cubic feet (CCF).

It seems elementary, but utilities are businesses. They have to make money to cover their expenses just like any other business. If they are an investor owned utility, they must be concerned about share holder profits. If they are a municipal utility they must be concerned about the needs of the citizens in their city and if they are cooperative utilities, they must meet the expectations of their members. All utilities cover most of the expense of getting the power to you by charging a rate per unit (kWh or CCF). The more you use the more you pay.

All utilities buy wholesale energy, electricity or gas and “distribute” it to customers like you; hence the term “distribution utility”. All utilities have wholesale power expenses and distribution expenses. In most cases the wholesale expense is fifty to eighty percent of the retail rate. All utilities have fixed expenses and variable expenses. Fixed expenses are those expenses that occur whether or not there is a load or demand; like the cost of insurance, depreciation, equipment, billing and administration. There are literally billions of dollars of power poles, wires, pipelines, transformers and meters sitting there across the nation ready to spring into action when you flip the switch or turn the knob. Those expenses don’t go way just because you don’t need electricity or gas this month. Variable expenses are those expenses that change with the load or demand placed on the utility’s supply. The more you use the more your utility has to buy.

Your Bill - In addition to the unit of energy billed, there is usually a minimum monthly charge. Some utilities call this charge an availability of service fee. This fee generally tries to recover the fixed operating expenses mentioned above. If you don’t have a minimum monthly charge on your bill, those fixed charges are rolled into your unit rate. There are pros and cons beyond the scope of this week’s blog for both ways of billing. The more your bill is based on a per unit rate the more control you have over the size of your bill.

Every utility bill payer should know the price per unit (kWh or CCF) and the minimum monthly charge that they are paying. You don’t buy gas for your car without looking at the price per gallon so don’t buy electricity or heating fuel without knowing the price. The number of kWh or CCF used during your billing period will be on your bill. Really, it is there so keep looking. The price per unit is not always on your bill. We are back to that pesky sixth grade math.
You can calculate your rates by simply dividing your total bill by the total units that you used during that billing period. See Table 5.6.A. Average Retail Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector, by State, August 2008 and 2007(Cents per kilowatthour) on the Energy Information Administration website to find local average kWh rates.

Natural gas bills may have a confusing list of other charges that make it hard to find a per unit cost. And, while most residential bills come in units of hundred cubic feet increments (CCF or Therms), statistics a generally listed in thousand cubic feet (MCF). The Energy Information Administration statistics on the average price for natural gas make it harder to compare with your bill.

Every utility payer should also know the billing period for your bill. If you are billed one month for thirty days of use and the next month for 20 days of use, the size of your bill will be different even if you use the same kWh of electricity or the same CCF of gas every day.

The main thing to realize about your utility bill is that it is all under your control. You can elect to never use any electricity or gas or you can pick and choose the appliances and equipment that you buy which directly affects the size of your utility bill.

Deposits – Unlike the gas station, when you buy natural gas or electricity, you don’t pay until after you use it. This means that by the time you pay your first utility bill after moving, the utility has given you at least a month and a half worth of their expensive product without getting paid. And, if you drop dead after seeing your first bill they are out a lot of money. So, most utilities will either check your credit history or require a deposit.

How to complain about your bill - Before you call, look at the meter reading dates. Maybe your son or daughter invited the whole high school football or volley team to spend the weekend during this time and you just forgot about it. Maybe you had the flu and cranked the thermostat to fight the chills.

Stay calm; screaming, or profanity will not serve you well when dealing with utility employees. They have heard it all. They have already heard whatever question, complaint, excuse or threat you are about to tell them, so just chill. Make sure you have your bill in front of you so you can give them your account number. This also helps you stay focused on your complaint and way from inappropriate comments about their relatives or anatomy.

If you think your bill is too high, ask them to help you determine if this is an actual or estimated bill. There should be a code on your bill that will tell you this, but sometimes it’s hard to find.

Next, ask for help verifying the number of billing days. I once thought I had a big bill only to find that last month’s bill was for 22 days and this month’s bill was for 33 days. Sometimes holidays or personnel scheduling screws up the meter reading schedule.

Other things you can ask about include the weather. Some utilities keep track of the weather during billing periods as a service to their customers. Colder or hotter weather usually mean higher utility bills.

If you still can’t come up with a reason that your bill is higher than expected you can ask to have your meter tested, but be careful what you ask for. Meter testing is performed on a meter test board in the meter shop. This means that you are getting a new or refurbished meter if you ask for a test. Most meters are simple mechanical devices. And, like your car, they don’t speed up when they are having trouble. Most utilities have a testing and replacement schedule set by state law. Once in a while you can catch them with a meter that has been in the field too long, but if you do, chances are your bill is going to be higher, not lower after the change. All meter exchanges have to be carefully documented so don’t assume that there is any monkey business going on. Deliberate discrepancies are easy to catch and most utility employees like their jobs.

If none of your questions or requests result in a lower bill, it’s time to tour your house. Obvious problems like leaky hot water faucets, well pumps that never turn off due to line leaks, broken thermostats, stuck valves and things that were left “on” when you thought they were “off”, often trigger more energy use. My favorite discovery during an energy audit for an angry customer was the space heater, plugged into a tool shed with the door left open in January. It’s less embarrassing to take that tour by yourself.

Phantom loads have gotten a lot of press lately and can increase your electric bill by several dollars a month. Phantom loads get their name from the fact that the energy used doesn’t give you anything immediately tangible, like light or toast. These loads result from those remote control devices that are always on. You should have a handle on this problem after you get that appliance meter mentioned in last week’s blog.

Thank you for completing Utility Bill Paying 101. If there is ever anything about your utility bill that you don’t understand, let me know. I’d be glad to help, for free. No I won’t pay your bill for you. Nice try. I will do my best to take the confusion out of what it is you are paying as well as help you wade through a bill interpretation. Just email me. ( mrdaily@markricharddaily.com)

If it’s something you have to do every month for the rest of your life, you might as well get good at it. Understanding what you get from your gas and electric utility gives you one less thing to worry about and makes it less like paying for gas and electric futilities.
© Mark Daily, 2008

Energy Conservation- A Life Style You Can’t Afford To Ignore

2008-12-03T12:08:00.004-05:00

You may not be a gourmet chef but, I’ll bet you have equipment for cooking and eating – you know- plates and pots and skillets and knives. You may not be a professional painter, but even if you are a renter, I imagine you have a paintbrush and some old paint.. You may not be a professional writer or author, but somewhere in your house I could probably find paper and pen or computer and printer. You may not be a specialist in sewage treatment but I’m guessing you have some toilet paper and a bathroom in your place.

So if you believe in saving energy and reducing utility bills, what kind of equipment do you have to help you create energy savings without just freezing in the dark?

You didn’t give up eating, just because you don’t care to cook. You probably paint something once in a while, even if your brush is in bad shape. And, you probably won’t give up going to the bathroom, just because of the…. well you know. So, why haven’t you done anything lately about energy conservation? If the experts are right, money spent cutting utility bills was a better investment than the stock market even before the credit crunch and stock market tumble.
Here is a thought. You don’t work on energy conservation with the same regularity as preparing meals or going to the bathroom because you don’t have the right equipment.

In fact, energy conservation takes equipment that most people don’t know about and that may not be staring you in the face every time you go to the grocery store. It might not even be sold at Wal-Mart (gasp).

The best tool to use for energy conservation is your electric or gas meter. That’s right. You don’t have to go to the store at all. You just have to find it in your yard or attached to the side of your house. You are already paying for it every month on your gas or electric bill, so use it. Go out with a note pad and jot down the reading – gas and electric. Write down the date and time you took the reading and stick that note right by the spot where you usually sit down to pay your utility bills.

When the next bill comes, look for the meter reading number on the bill. If you can’t find that number, call the toll free number on your bill and ask them where it is. The number on your bill should be larger than the number on your note unless you are into net-metering (see previous blogs if you’re not sure what net-metering is). By counting the total number of billing days shown on your bill and comparing it with the date on your note, you know the number of days between your reading and the end of the month reading from your utility. Gas utilities typically sell their product in units of one hundred Cubic Feet (CCF) or in therms. One therm=100,000 Btu, which is the heat content of about 100 cubic feet of gas. Electric Utilities sell their product in kilo-watt hours (kWh). By comparing the days to the CCF or kWh reading and a little sixth grade math, you can figure the number of CCF of gas or the number of kWh of electricity that you used per day.

You can do that every month if you want to, but try to at least do it in the middle of every season. Make it an appointment, in whatever it is that you make appointments in, so you don’t forget. Just repeat after me, “what gets measured gets managed”.
If any of this is “Greek” to you, visit next week’s Blog for Utility Billing 101. I’ll help you dissect your bill and touch on phantom loads.

Now that you know the big picture, how do you find out what’s making that meter spin? You need a fork. No silly, not like a real fork, a figurative fork. You have a fork to eat with right? Well, you can’t dine on energy savings without the right utensil. You need a meter. I’m not aware of any gas meters for individual appliances that are reasonable to buy, but there are starting to be a host of affordable appliance meters for electric appliances.

With an appliance meter, you can find out how your equipment really performs, sniff out phantom loads, and find small energy hogs that you might be able to butcher (unplug) so you can stop paying for piggies or kilowatt hours you don’t really need.

The holidays are a perfect time to spring for an appliance meter. Get one for yourself with grandma’s thoughtful check, or buy one for the greenie in your house.

If you search for “Power Monitors” or meters on-line, you will find a confusing list of products that are mostly designed for professional utility use. Unless you have specific training and state of the industry protective equipment, these monitors are not for you. There are, however, a couple of safe alternatives for home owners.

I still use my tried and true, P3Kill A Watt model P4400 . The easier to use but slightly more expensive model P4460 also looks useful. At around $30 to $50 dollars, you can almost imagine these as stocking stuffers. With these monitors, you will only be able to check appliances that plug into the wall. I used my P4400 and by standing on my head, (read Paul’s P4400 review) I discovered that buying a new dehumidifier would pay for itself in a couple of years; learned that my old television was a huge phantom load, and; found out that my computer equipment was costing pennies a month.

One of the newer monitors looks promising and lets you check appliances that might be hard to monitor individually, like your dishwasher or air conditioning equipment. The Black and Decker EM 100B Power Monitor straps to your electric meter and with a little data entry based on your own electric bill, you can see what happens when you turn on different pieces of equipment in your house. It works with a wireless transmitter that communicates between the device clamped to your meter and the hand held display that you can carry around to different rooms. When you flip the switch on your equipment and start using electricity, the monitor interprets the change in your meter to give you information that shows what that equipments’ energy use will be. At around $100 you need a serious “greenie” in the house to make this gift appropriate.

Hey, no one said it would be easy. Success as a cook isn’t easy either, but there is nothing like the satisfied feeling you get when you see your utility bill drop. By monitoring your equipment you can choose better management strategies, like turning it down or off, or getting an appliance timer to limit the on time. Good luck saving energy and cutting your utility bills. I hope you will get the right tools to enjoy it. Remember that energy conservation is a life style and like just like the process of going to the bathroom, you really can’t afford to skip it. Who would want to?
© Mark Daily, 2008

Let's Make a big Alternate Electricity Generation Plan

2008-11-26T12:10:00.002-05:00

In the early 1900’s American architect and urban planner Daniel H. Burnham said, “Make no little plans. They have no magic to stir men's blood and probably themselves will not be realized. Make big plans. Aim high in hope and work. Remembering that a noble, logical diagram once recorded will not die.”

What’s your Energy Plan? Don’t have one? If you don’t have one why should your local, state or national government have one? Don’t have an energy plan? Why should your electric utility have one? I’ll bet you have an emergency plan for bailing out of your house if it catches on fire. I’ll bet you have a planned route to get to work. Most of us these days have a retirement plan. You probably have some plan for dinner tonight. You have a plan to educate yourself and your children. You may have a plan for what to wear to the office tomorrow. A plan. Hmm.

How would you like it if your local state or national government planned your dinner for you, or your route to work, or your wardrobe? Those of you standing in bread lines after the recent round of employment cut backs may think government planned dinners are a great idea. But let’s take it a step farther. How would you like it if your local government decided that all the people in your neighborhood had to do without electricity every Wednesday? It’s just one day a week for Pete’s sake, what’s the big deal?

Right now stop reading this and walk through your house. Don’t take paper and pen with you but just walk into each room and notice what uses electricity. I have gas heat so I’m all set you might think. Me too, but unless you have a gas powered fan or pump or a gas powered ignition switch, Wednesday means long underwear and winter parka day for both of us.

Ten years ago I did an energy audit for a guy that wanted to really cut his electric bill. My cursory investigation of his billing history showed a very low bill even in subzero high mountain valley January. I was intrigued. How was I going to help this guy save energy, he wasn’t using any. I pulled into the drive-way on the appointed day and as I pulled out my blower door and other equipment this quiet retired school teacher came out of the house wearing a winter parka, gloves with the fingers cut out, a wool watch cap pulled down over his ears, wool pants, insulated boots and a friendly smile. I discovered during my home owner’s interview that he was not dressed for the outdoors. He was dressed the way he always dressed in the winter – inside. He kept thermostats in back rooms at 40 degrees and his main living area thermostats were set at 50 degrees. His other energy saving tips included pulling every other light bulb out of any double bulb fixtures and replacing all remaining bulbs (except one reading lamp) with 25 watt incandescent bulbs. He thought those compact fluorescents were a little pricey. Every drape and curtain that wasn’t in full sun was closed tight. In a perfectly normal American home, I felt like I was creeping through a medieval mountian top monastery instead of a split level ranch house 50 yards off the highway.

Is this what is in store for everyone? Is this what Randy Udall meant when he said, “the challenge in president-elect Obama’s energy plan will be to maintain prosperity”? “We have to be very smart about what kind of investments we make in a new energy supply”. (Dawson, Crested Butte News, November 21, 2008)

Dean Kamen is very smart. The inventor of the Segway and expensive medical equipment, Kamen rules a three acre island off the coast of Connecticut that proclaimed energy independence. He has a plan. It includes the elimination of all incandescent lighting and the installation of wind and solar power.

Samso, Denmark is an island community that’s 40 square miles and a two hour boat ride from the main land. After ten years of community and government collaboration they are closing in on their goal, 100% energy independence. They have a plan. A summary of their plan includes a section on implementation appropriately titled, project design and planning. Their plan included every citizen, and every agency on the island.

“No man is an island, no man is an island…..he’s a peninsula” – Jefferson Airplane

Could your community make an energy plan? Sure it could. But, let’s not make the same mistake we did in the 70’s with our energy planning. OK gas prices are going down and Jim Carter lost the election – problem solved.

Recent headlines blarred, “World Publics Strongly Favor Requiring More Wind and Solar Energy, More Efficiency, Even If It Increases Costs. Most Think It Will Save Money in the Long Run". While some may have cheered the recent findings of the World Public Opinion.org survey I was not impressed. As you read the details of their findings you discover that most people think their government or utility companies should solve the problem.

This problem will never be solved as long as people think the solution is up to someone else.

The solution to meet the growing demands for electricity is not a problem to solve; it’s an ethic to be lived. It should be as much a part of our national ethos as “family values”. In fact it should be a family value. Can you make a difference in all of this? Of course you can. And, you don’t have to freeze in the dark to do it …. at least not yet. Let’s make better choices and better plans about using energy before it comes to that.

"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it's the only thing that ever has". - Margaret Mead

Energy Conservation Makes Me Panic

2008-11-19T13:17:00.003-05:00

When I hear the phrase “energy conservation” my eyes glaze over; my pulse quickens and my stomach starts doing flip flops. When I hear that phrase, I know I am in for hours of boring lectures that might cover everything from how to drive my car to how to compost my vegetable waste. So, instead of talking about energy conservation, which can cover an infinite number of ways for me to feel bad about my behavior, I want to focus on saving money in two areas that mean something to me -my home electric bill and my home heating bill. I almost always feel better when I spend less money

I am not trying to dis the fine people working on the other parts of energy conservation, but to me, that phrase is too big. Its like have to wade through someone’s entire DNA genome description when all I want to know is, “what color is her hair?” A simple photo or a quick peak would do, right?

So, how do I get that photo or quick peak? Don’t Goggle “energy conservation”. You’ll spend hours looking at stuff that is really interesting but covers too much ground. You have to find a way to focus.

Adding the word “Home” to your goggle search helps focus the field of possibilities. Here is what I found from the first six choices searching for "Home Energy Conservation".

The first choice is powered by Chevron and it got really confusing for me. It went right into MPG and stuff that has nothing to do with my electric or heating bill.

The second choice must have happened because I’m in Indiana. It’s more about donating money than it is about saving money.

The third choice from the Northeast Sustainable Energy Association gets me a little closer to what I want but it’s more about how to build an energy efficient home and I am stuck with the one I have for now – so again, not real helpful.

Finally with the fourth, fifth and sixth choices, I got what I wanted.

Home Energy Saver claims it’s the “first web-based do-it-yourself energy audit tool”. Type in your zip code and start learning what it takes to save utility expenses right away. I liked it and there were lots of other links to get more information on remodeling ideas, “no/low cost” conservation actions and more.

The Home Energy Saver site above is run by the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, which sponsors the fifth choice in the Goggle search, the EERE: Energy Savers Home Page. The side bar on the left takes you to details about your house that can help you get a handle on actions you can take to cut your utility bills.

The sixth choice takes you to HOME ENERGY MAGAZINE ONLINE. At first glance it looks like one more request for a subscription, but dig deeper. If you click on the Magazine link at the bottom of the masthead, you get into articles about specific topics utility saving steps. I clicked on the November/December 2008 Thermostat Setbacks- Do they really work and found coverage of a detailed study from Canada that answered every question I ever had about setback thermostats.

I think it’s great that so much attention is landing on the idea of reducing my carbon footprint. But, if ‘m going to make foot prints anywhere, I need some traveling cash. I get my travel money by reducing my utility bill payment footprint. And, I help save the world at the save time.

© 2008 Mark R. Daily

DO IT! (conserve energy & money) Scenerios of the Revolution (the energy revolution)

2008-10-30T13:47:00.003-04:00

The Energy Revolution

This is a new revolution. A revolution that lets you tune in to savings and drop out of your energy dependence. No, it won't be televised. But, you will remember it. So, unlike the saying, "if you can remember the 60's, you weren't there", you, will be there to save the planet.

The challenge of energy conservation is in the minute and boring details of everyday living. As with any chronic bad habit (eg. alcoholism, drug addiction, frivolous energy waste, etc.) the first step to a cure is awareness. Nothing goes quicker to the heart of energy waste awareness than two fairly easy steps. One, keep track of the kilowatt hours you use and two, monitor your house appliances and systems to calculate your energy footprint.

Step One: Keep track of your kWh Use

There are several meaningful ways to do this. This easiest way is to set up a computer spreadsheet with columns for months and rows for years. When you get your electric bill, plug in the total kWh from your bill. In less than a year you will start to see patterns in your energy use that can help you make management decisions about energy use. After one year of record keeping you can compare with previous years. This is a great and easy way to see how your energy conservation actions translate into dollar savings, which is the real point of this effort. In three years of record keeping you’ll gain a great understanding of how your house works and document your energy conservation results.

I know a guy that made a form to keep track of his energy use every day. With morning, coffee in hand, he takes a short walk to his electric meter and records the reading. If you were ever suspicious of your electric utility (“no way did I use that much electricity last month - is this bill an estimate?”) this will help reduce those fears. It will also quickly show the impact of energy management decisions in your house. A whole host of energy wasters can be recognized quickly this way. Leaky hot water faucets, stuck thermostats, underground water pipe leaks and failing electric motors have all been some of the things caught early by doing this. So, the effort can save you future headaches by fixing these problems before they turn into bigger problems.

Step Two: Monitor your Stuff

This sounds like a lot of work but really it’s not too bad and the feeling you get from being in control of your energy consumption destiny is well worth the effort. With your Kill-a-watt meter in hand, take turns plugging in different appliances. This is a real eye opener. Plug in each appliance like refrigerators, freezers, television systems, sound systems, computer systems, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, hair dryers, electric blankets, lamps, anything with a cord that plugs into a regular wall outlet. Keep each appliance plugged in for a week. Note the kWh used at the end of the week, divide by seven and multiply by 365 and you have the cost to run that appliance for a year. If you only use that freezer or humidifier for part of the year, adjust your calculations accordingly.

Here’s how to make this easy. Get a calendar that you can write on and hang it in the kitchen. Get a Kill-o-watt Meter and leave it on your kitchen counter. Just leave it there. Then, the next time you head for the refrigerator, before you open the door, unplug the fridge and plug it back in with the Kill-o-watt meter in place. Leave it for a week. (Mark the day and time you set up the meter on your calendar.)In a week pick a new appliance to monitor. Retrieve your meter after recording the kWh used and time elapsed on the previous appliance. Keep going until you have documented energy use on each plug in appliance in your house.

The main point of doing this is to save the planet of course, but the best part of doing this is to save money. Are you freaking out about the world financial turmoil? Are you trying to find that finance vehicle that is secure, gives great returns for your dollars invested and won’t disappear with the latest dip in the DOW? Energy Conservation is it. Money invested in home improvements geared to saving energy shows returns that far exceed anything you can do on Wall Street. If you want a safe place to stick your investment funds, stick them in energy conservation.

DO IT !
What’s stopping you? I know. Just like the anxiety of picking the right stock in today’s market, you’re afraid to make the wrong energy conservation decision. You don’t want to waste money or plunk down big bucks for small savings.

BUILDITSOLAR.COM shows you where to start. While this website sounds like it’s just geared to solar energy enthusiasts, there is a wealth of information about energy conservation. Not only do they cover great ideas on energy conservation, they offer ways to help you pick projects that give the best bang for the buck.

The combination of taking control of your energy use by monitoring and taking action based on a do-able plan for energy conservation will make you feel better about the economy and the environment all at the same time.

Consumerism and Energy Conservation

2008-10-20T22:52:00.002-04:00

I had quite a surprise this morning. Actually it was more like an epiphany, really.

For over fifteen years I have struggled with energy conservation in the electric utility industry. I’m a trained energy auditor and was a certified Home Energy Rating System technician. I visited with electric customers to answer the question, “Why is my energy bill so damned high and what can I do about it?”

I did detailed inventories and spit out detailed reports showing the source of the culprits contributing to high energy bills. I offered suggestions for how these customers could save money. Most of the time, I got a polite thank you. Sometimes I got a reference to another customer wanting to know, “Why is my energy bill so damned high and what can I do about it?” But, only a few cases out of hundreds brought any action on the customer’s part. One customer really loves me. He saved over three hundred dollars on propane the first month after he actually performed the measures I recommended, but, that was the exception.

Generally, customers just kept on doing what they had done before, yelling at family members to “turn off those lights” and “close the damned door – what were you – born in a barn”, and; they kept sending their money to the utility companies.

My epiphany was the result of reading a recent report by a group called ECOALIGN. Their mission is to” .. align corporate and consumer behavior with the future of energy and environment via innovative marketing and communications strategies”.

The report titled Project Energy Code, told me exactly why I couldn’t get any traction with most customers to implement the energy conservation measures I recommended. Maybe this explains why you haven’t taken action either.

The “problem” is a combination of three issues, visibility, ambivalence, and trust, as explained in the report prepared by Pippa Chenevix Trench. Here is my take on what they are getting at.

Visibility- Many of us won’t implement energy saving actions because even if we do, no one will know. Appraisers won’t increase the home’s value. Neighbors won’t make encouraging comments and no one will really be able to tell that we’re going green and saving the planet. It’s hard to brag about something you didn’t use –like energy.

Ambivalence- My dictionary defines Ambivalence as the “existence of mutually conflicting feelings or thoughts such as love or hate about some person (maybe energy auditors), object (like set back thermostats) or idea (like energy conservation). Some people might be thinking, “what’s the use, the planets going down the tubes anyway, why bother”. Or maybe they’re faced with the conflicting choice of paying for a great vacation versus installing more attic insulation. If you read the report you might conclude that the problem could even be deeper and more subtle than that. It could be anthropological.

Trust – This one really got me. Although I had a good working relationship with many customers, I was working for the utility. This fact alone made people wonder why I was recommending actions that would cut the profits from my employer. I talked about how we cared about energy conservation as well as the need to reduce the company’s cost to buy power. The report referenced a piece of research from Arizona that showed that when customers got energy saving ideas from a government agency, 17% of the recipients took energy saving actions. While 0% of recipients that got the same advice from a utility took any action. I guess I should be glad I got as many positive results as I did.

Yet, to save the planet, really save customers money and reduce the growing demand for electricity, we are all going to have to get a lot more successful at selling energy conservation.

I hope you will take the time to read the report yourself. It’s free. I didn’t even have to register or give away any personal information. Reading this report showed me that customer choices are complicated and go way beyond the typical environmentalist accusations that we are all just thoughtless consumers. EcoAlign concludes that our “consumption [is] not out of mindless greed but in response to a complex web of culture and belonging” influences. Wow, if I’d only known.

The Project Energy Code concludes with the call to arms for more research into human behavior as it applies to energy conservation. They say, “there are three areas for future research that stems from the hypotheses described in this essay”:

1. Understanding better how energy consumption and environmental issues are “bundled” within the broader context of people’s day to day lives.

2. Understanding the ways in which information surrounding energy use and decisions over consumer practices flows within and between households and social networks.

3. Identifying ways in which energy efficient behavior can be made more visible and the impacts of different media in communicating this information.

I’ll be thinking a lot about this report and its importance to saving money and the planet at the same time. In the mean time, I hope someone gets working on those three additional areas of research. If the experts are right, energy conservation is still the best bang for the buck and “negawatts” are still worth bragging about to your neighbors.

© 2008 Mark R. Daily

Solve the Electricity Generation Crisis with Smarts

2008-10-15T14:56:00.003-04:00

“A group won't be smart if its members imitate one another, slavishly follow fads, or wait for someone to tell them what to do. When a group is being intelligent, whether it's made up of ants or attorneys, it relies on its members to do their own part. For those of us who sometimes wonder if it's really worth recycling that extra bottle to lighten our impact on the planet, the bottom line is that our actions matter, even if we don't see how.” – Swarm Theory by Pete Miller, National Geographic.

Swam Theory may be one method to solve the growing crisis for electricity generation in the USA. The concept demonstrates two key features that could bring meaningful results to the challenge of meeting our energy needs.

First, experts and cynics a like seem to agree that our energy needs will be best met by a combination of energy conservation, renewable energy growth and cultivation of existing energy generation systems like coal and nuclear power. This means that we all have a role to play in reducing our energy demands and a role to play in encouraging energy generation diversity. In short your actions at home to conserve energy and your actions in the political arena to encourage wise decision making are very important.

Second, we all must participate in the discussion in order to make the most out of our “smart swarm” of ideas and actions.

How do you get Smart?

Can you live without electricity? Of course you could, but your life would change dramatically for the worse. You would spend more of your time doing mundane chores and less time doing things that make your life what it is today. So, if you can’t live without it, shouldn’t you know something about it? Yet, I frequently get blank stares from smart people when I ask, “how much electricity does your house or business use and what is your cost per kWh”? I use between 300 and 602 kWh per month, lowest in the summer and highest in the winter – in case you wonder if I’ve done my homework. Yes, I know. I could do better, but the national average according to U.S. Energy Information Administration is 888 kWh per month. (thanks Power - Save for setting me straight on this). Oh and I pay $0.13 per kilowatt hour. If you live in Hawaii you pay about $0.22. The nation average in June 2008 was about $0.12 per kWh and rising.

Once you know your energy appetite, find out why you eat what you eat. Everyone is reading grocery product labels these days. Consumers want to know if the product they are buying might come from a tainted batch of garlic from China or the neighborhood organic farm. They want to know if what they are buying is mostly sugar or substance. So it should be with your energy bill. Find out how much energy each appliance eats at your house. Its different for everyone so don’t use your mother-in-laws numbers, get your own. Buy a Kill-A-Watt meter or ask for one for a holiday gift. Start tracking down what you require for energy at your house. Don’t just take the utility companies month meter reading total.

Get smart. Get active. Don’t wait for someone to tell you what to do. Do your own part. It’s not that hard. No one knows your house better than you do.
© Mark Daily, 2008

I can say that word, “NUCLEAR”

2008-10-08T22:43:00.003-04:00

"The true essence of humankind is kindness. There are other qualities which come from education or knowledge, but it is essential, if one wishes to be a genuine human being and impart satisfying meaning to one's existence, to have a good heart."- Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama

In the energy debate, clever quips and well placed personal barbs seem to prevail over kindness. I think that is one reason why we haven’t gotten farther along with our energy planning in the USA.

This stumbling block to reasoned discussion is especially vitriolic in the nuclear energy debate where both sides frequently resort to a combination of name calling and bewildering statistics. Doing this makes it hard for the consumer on the street to sort out the facts. It makes most of us reluctant to even enter the debate.

Energy Central is a website that has offered news and commentary on the Electric Utility industry for many years. I believe their aim is to provide as much objective information as possible about this industry and its issues. It’s a great way to hear all sides of the debate on many different utility topics.

One regular contributor, John K. Sutherland, seems to have a pretty good handle on issues relating to Nuclear Energy production in the USA. Sadly, he seems so angry about those opposed to nuclear energy that it is hard to read much of his material. His most recent piece on nuclear energy includes this:

“Nuclear waste, despite the ignorant half-truths and inventions of those who fear it, and despite the fact that we would rather not have it, is one of the best reasons for developing nuclear power relative to any other major reliable source of energy other than hydro. When you add its minimal pollution contributions; its much better safety record than any large energy source; and its improving cost advantages at this time, there should be no contest, yet the emotionally slanted nuclear mythologies keep rearing their heads.”

In his article he includes interesting and helpful numbers that show that nuclear energy wins hands down when it comes to its safety record, waste stream volume reduction and health impacts compared to coal and natural gas. The trouble is, I am usually so pissed off by the time I get to his numbers, I don’t really care if he’s right.

In contrast Amory Lovins has long been an opponent of nuclear energy, until recently Mr. Lovins has tried to gain converts by bludgeoning them with statistics, but a recent piece of his from the Rocky Mountain Institute entitled “Forget Nuclear” does offer a summary that leaves out the laborious numbers and footnote references long enough to let the average person on the street understand a little about what he has been getting at. Yet he too cannot resist that Saturday Night Live jab like, “Jane you ignorant slut” when he concludes his summary opposition with the following comments;
“So why do otherwise well-informed people still consider nuclear power a key element of a sound climate strategy? Not because that belief can withstand analytic scrutiny. Rather, it seems, because of a superficially attractive story, an immensely powerful and effective lobby, a new generation who forgot or never knew why nuclear power failed previously (almost nothing has changed), sympathetic leaders of nearly all main governments, deeply rooted habits and rules that favor giant power plants over distributed solutions and enlarged supply over efficient use, the market winners’ absence from many official databases (which often count only big plants owned by utilities), and lazy reporting by an unduly credulous press.”

It’s really a shame we can’t be more polite to each other when it comes to talking about energy issues. Yet we persist in making sure we spend more time attacking opposing views than trying to understand them.

"Insanity is repeating the same behavior and expecting a different result," said Werner Erhart.

And, in the debate about energy planning for the USA, I think both sides are pretty much insane if they think their approach to this complicated issue is the way to develop a sound energy policy.

© Mark Daily, 2008

Fight High Utility Bills - IT’S WINTER- AGAIN - ARE YOU READY?

2008-10-03T14:25:00.005-04:00

Yep, you know. You should have been thinking about this in August. Who wants to think about winter when you could be basking in the August sun on some nice back country trail, or well placed street furniture? Even in the coldest parts of the nation, it won’t get below zero for another thirty days. You still have plenty of time to winterize your house or business. However, for those of you freaking out about the cool October evenings, you’ll find the following check lists an easy way to button-up the cabin before winter gets serious.

Four Things to Remember Winter
1. Heating degree days per year make a difference in the actions you need to take to prepare for winter. A heating degree is any day that the average daily temperature is below 65 degrees. Anchorage, Alaska has an average of 10,130 heating degree days. Boston, Massachusetts has 5,630 heating degree days. The same house, with the same appliances and equipment, the same number of people and pets – doing the same activities, will have an Anchorage heating bill almost twice as high as a Boston family with the same utility rates. Find your heating degree days here.
2. Moisture Problems occur in dry as well as moist climates if you don’t pay attention to gaps in insulation. When warm moist house air meets cold surfaces, the moisture drops out of the air and condenses on that cold surface. This can cause mold and mildew to form. It reduces the insulation ability of many insulation materials. It can also rot wood.
3. Winter energy bills are higher in the winter even if you’re not there. Studies show more winter energy use in vacant homes because no one is cooking, living, caring for pets, turning on lights or doing things that provide “free” secondary heat.
4. Even in winter, sunshine is your friend. Use it wisely, and get free heat. Many people cancel out the benefits of free sunshine by leaving window coverings closed on sunny days.

The Big Four Energy Bill Sources
Target these four areas to save money off your utility bill. Sure turning off the lights is a good idea, because it’s easy, but even if you grope around in the dark all winter long, you won’t save as much on lighting fixes as you will by insulating heating ducts and sealing cold air cracks.
1) Space Heating Systems (60 to 75 percent of the average home energy load);
2) Domestic water heating (25 to 30 percent of the average home energy load);
3) Kitchen and home Appliances (10 to 15 percent of the average home energy load);
4) Lighting (5 to 7 percent of the average home energy load);

Space Heating Check List- Nine steps to lower energy bills
1) Inspect insulation. Repair crawl space insulation that may have fallen down. Replace attic insulation that may have been moved for summer construction projects. Compare your insulation levels to recommended standards for your climate and consider adding insulation if your home doesn’t meet those standards. Insulate heating ducts or hydronic fluid pipes.
2) Plug the crawl space vents that you opened last spring. Fiberglass batt insulation, lightly stuffed in a small trash bag makes a good vent plug that will fit between the floor joists of your crawl space.
3) Check heat tape and replace if there is any sign of damage. UL listed heat tape should be used and installed strictly according to the manufacturer’s directions. Non- UL listed heat tape should not be used at all. Heat tape is much less expensive to use for freeze protection than a space heater. Each foot of heat tape is usually rated at 3 watts per foot. So, for the operating costs of a 1,000 watt space heater you can run 333 feet of heat tape.
4) Clean dust and dirt from all types of heaters, supply vents and air registers. Also be sure to clean return air vents and baseboard heater fins for both gas and electric baseboard heaters. Replace or clean furnace air filters before starting your furnace for the season and do it again every two months during the heating season.
5) Clear the area around heaters and all forced air duct vents. Combustible material within four inches of electric baseboard heaters is a fire hazard. The more clearance you give your heaters and vents the better the air will circulate and the quicker your rooms will warm up, lowering your heating costs.
6) Close and latch windows. Unlatched windows allow windy days to pull heat from your house. Infiltration from building envelope openings can account for as much as 40% of your heating expense.
7) Clean south facing windows and remove screens. This step improves solar gain by as much as 10%. Why pay for heat when you can get it from the sun for free?
8) Install storm windows and repair any broken glass. Add plastic or glass storm windows to any single pane glass. Doing this cuts your heat loss from windows in half.
9) Check the weather-stripping around exterior doors and windows. Repair damage and fill gaps with additional material.

Domestic Water Heating Check List - Six Steps to longer water heater life and lower energy bills
1) Flush sediments from your water heater at least once a year.
2) Check both thermostat settings if you have an electric water heater. I recommend settings of 120 degrees for both thermostats. Always set both thermostats at the same setting.
3) Add an insulating blanket to your water heater unless your water heater has foam insulation or has factory warnings against adding insulation. Shoot for a total R-Value of R-16 or better. Electric water heaters can be insulated on top for additional heat retention. If your water heater lives in the garage, keep that big garage door closed as much as possible.
4) Check hot water pipes in the crawl space or other un-heated areas. Insulate the first three feet of both the cold and hot water pipes that connect to the tank itself. I’ve insulated all of my hot water pipes. Doing that gets hot water to my shower faster, saving water and water heating expense.
5) Adding a timer to your electric water heater can cut unwanted stand by loses when you are away at work or sleeping. This can cut your water heating costs by one third. You’ll probably have to hire an electrician to do this.
6) Check to see that your shower heads and sink fixtures are low flow fixtures rated at 2-3 gallons per minute (gpm).

Appliance Check List - Four Steps to Controlling Unruly Appliances and saving dollars
1) Specialty Appliances like water bed heaters, electric blankets, Jacuzzi’s, steam showers, and engine block heaters can often use more energy than typical home appliances like refrigerators and washing machines. Make a mental note of the wattage of all of your appliances and get a feel for how long they are on. Watts divided by 1000 equals kilowatts (KW); KW times the “time on” equals kilo-Watt hours which are the units you get billed for. Kilo-Watt Hours times your current electric rate equals the amount that you will pay on your bill for that appliance.
2) Keep all appliances clean. Clean around refrigerator and freezer compressors and backs. Clean appliances use less energy.
3) Appliance timers are especially good for reducing energy use on engine block heaters, stock tank heaters, hot tubs and other specialty appliances that don’t really need to be on 24 hours a day.
4) Food freezes at refrigerator temperatures below 30 degrees. There is no need to keep your freezer colder than that unless you are doing cryogenic experiments. Refrigerator compartments only need to be in the 40 degree range to keep most foods fresh. The setting knobs on all refrigerators and freezers are worthless. Use a thermometer to check out your temperature settings.

Lighting Check List- Five Steps to a Brighter and less expensive winter
1. Cleaning lighting fixtures, reflectors and bulbs gets more light output per unit of energy used.
2. Consider replacing incandescent light bulbs that are on for more than four hours per day with compact fluorescent bulbs.
3. Consider replacing exterior incandescent bulbs with halogen bulbs. They work well at cold temperatures and cut energy use.
4. Replace incandescent holiday lights with LED holiday lights.
5. Remember to turn lights off when you leave the room or get timers and motion detectors to do it for you.

Do you have other ideas that have saved you money on your utility bill? If you have and you can prove it, I’d like to hear about your experience.

© Mark Richard Daily, 2008

Solar Energy Can't do it alone- What about Nuclear Energy?

2008-09-23T08:44:00.002-04:00

Proponents of alternate energy generation generally support “green” technologies like solar and wind. These same green advocates often shun nuclear energy and point to a long list of dangers inherent in that technology. Yet blind support of solar power is like demanding that you use rubber bands to power you car. For solar to work, we'll need to make big adjustments in our homes and lifestyles.

Solar powered electricity generation made up less than 1% of the generation mix in 20007. According to the Solar Electric Power Association, there were “473MW [megawatts] of grid-connected photovoltaics installed throughout the entirety of the U.S. as of the end of 2007”. Assuming that this 473 MW of grid tied resource got an average of 6 hours of sun each day, they would produce about 1,035,870 Megawatt hours of electricity in a year.

This is not merely a numbers game. We won’t meet our energy needs by doubling or tripling or even quadrupling our photovoltaic generation.

Nuclear electricity generation produced record levels in 2007. Energy Information Administration data show that nuclear generation climbed slightly this May. “Nuclear output rose 13 percent in May 2008 compared with the preceding month. Even with the increase, generation was slightly below May 2007 (less than half a percent difference). Cumulative generation for the first five months of 2008 is slightly over one percent lower than in the record year of 2007.”

In 2007, 806,486,978 Megawatt Hours of electricity was produced by nuclear reactors in the USA. Thirty two states produce a portion of their electricity from nuclear power and 20% of all electricity produced in the USA came from nuclear reactor generation in 2007.

The challenge here when talking about ways to solve climate change and reduce green house gas emissions tied to electric energy production is the big gap between what the public seems to want for power generation -clean power- versus what the public wants in terms of the growing electricity demand.

One typical residential solar photovoltaic setup with twelve 100 watt PV collectors in a sunny part of the USA might be capable of producing 216 kilowatt hours per month or 2.5 Megawatt hours per year.

The South Texas Project 1 nuclear facility produced almost 12 million megawatt hours in 2007. The smallest nuclear generation facility, Point Beach 1 in Wisconsin produced almost 4 million megawatt hours. It would take over 18,000 homes running 1.2 KW photovoltaic systems in a sunny climate to come anywhere close to the generation output of the smallest nuclear facility.

Let’s face it folks. If we want to maintain our current standard of living it will take more than solar power to run the nation. Actually, it will take advancements in every electricity generation sector plus a lot of conservation success to keep up with projected electricity demand.

William Tucker offers his perspective for going nuclear in his interesting The Case for Terrestrial (a.k.a. Nuclear) Energy. You may not want to hear it, but you really should try to understand all sides in our great energy debate.

For more nuclear facts visit the International Atomic Energy Agency and read some IAEA Newsletters.

Take Action to Support Distributed Renewable Energy Generation

2008-09-17T11:16:00.002-04:00

So, you want to install a solar photovoltaic system on your roof and join those taking action to reverse climate change. You want to be part of the solution to the growing gap between energy demand and new power plant construction by installing distributed alternate energy generation. You’ve consulted your Special 30th Anniversary Edition of the Real Goods Solar Living Source Book, trimmed your home’s energy demand as much as you can without freezing in the dark and you are ready to order your equipment.

Wait! Have you contacted your local utility?

Almost every utility in the nation has some type of policy or regulation that could impact your ability to generate your own power from your own alternate energy system. Utility policies are a function of State regulations and individual utility company choices. Before you dump that list of PV parts into your checkout basket, contact your utility to make sure you can do what you want to do without being surprised by extra fees, technical restrictions or a hostile utility engineer that doesn’t get what you are trying to do.

The Network for New Energy Choices grades States on net-metering and interconnection laws and gives them an “A” through “F” score on how well they assist consumers with installing alternate energy distributed generation systems. The grades are based on a comparison with recommended regulations featured in the model regulations from the Interstate Renewable Energy Council.

Here are the results from the Network for New Energy Choices report.

Net Metering Grades
A IREC Model , New Jersey, Colorado, Pennsylvania, Maryland, California.
B Oregon, Delaware, Iowa, Nevada, Connecticut, Ohio, New Mexico.
C Arkansas, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Hawaii, Maine, Louisiana, Virginia, North Dakota, Minnesota, Massachusetts, Montana, Vermont, Missouri.
D Washington, New York, Texas, Kentucky, Michigan, Wyoming, Oklahoma, Indiana, West Virginia.
F Utah, D.C., Georgia, North Carolina, Wisconsin.

Interconnection Grades
A IREC Model.
B New Jersey, Arizona.
C California, Ohio, Texas, New York, Colorado, Oregon* , Massachusetts, Georgia, New Mexico* , Vermont, Minnesota.
D Rhode Island, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Arkansas, New Hampshire, Virginia, Iowa, Maryland*, Montana, Michigan, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Connecticut.
F North Carolina, D.C., Wyoming, Louisiana, Delaware, Hawaii, Utah, Washington, Missouri.

The Network for New Energy Choices offers these definitions to explain the difference between interconnection and net-metering and their report offers more details showing what makes a good regulation.

Interconnection – the technical rules for customers to “plug in” to the grid.
Net Metering – the billing arrangement by which customers realize savings from their systems, here 1-kWh generated by the customer has the exact same value as 1-kWh consumed by the customer.

States scoring an A or B are obviously trying to allow distributed alternate energy generators to start-up in their states. States scoring a C are pretending that they care about distributed alternate energy generators. And, States scoring a D or F obviously aren’t interested in having distributed alternative energy play any roll in meeting their electricity demands. The interesting thing is that states scoring A’s are finding spin-off results that improve their economies, reduce costs for customers, and reap financial benefits for their utilities. States scoring D’s and F’s are telling manufacturing industries, businesses and citizens to forget about making any money in the new economy where green businesses are growing new jobs and creating new business opportunities.

The killer in all of this is that a comparison of the top ten states by non-farm employees working in the manufacturing industry are in many cases, the same states that score the lowest on net-metering and interconnection support.

Rank. State – Net-metering Grade/ Interconnection Grade
1. Indiana - D/D
2. Wisconsin - F/D
3. Arkansas - C/D
4. Iowa - B/D
5. Mississippi- no grade/no grade
6. Alabama – no grade/no grade
7. Michigan - D/D
8. Ohio - B/C
9. Tennesse- no grade/no grade
10.Kentucky- D/no grade

So, the states potentially best equipped to make and supply distributed generation equipment and reap the corresponding economic benefits are shooting themselves in the foot when it comes to alternate energy development.

If you live in a State scoring anything less than a B, it’s time to take action. In less time than it took to read this, you can email your state representatives. Tell them you support distributed alternate energy and you think it’s time that they woke up and supported it too. Tell them you’re tired of being a C student- or worse, and you want to get A’s the next time the Network for New Energy Choices scores your State.

To find more details about your utility or your State and how they treat distributed alternate energy generation, visit the Database of State Incentives for Renewables & efficiency (DSIRE) web site and see how they stack up.

Getting to the Dream- Reliable Distributed Renewable Energy Generation

2008-09-08T14:14:00.002-04:00

In order to move the idea of small scale renewable energy forward for the every-day home owner in a way that makes a resource contribution to utilities, three things need to happen.

First there needs to be willing homeowners wanting to install distributed generation equipment like wind, solar or biomass generation on their homes. As part of this concept they also need to be interconnected to the grid to make the output of their generators or excess kWh, available to the grid.

Next there needs to be effective, clear and fair state regulations that define net-metering and interconnection requirements. These regulations must not penalize homeowners who want to be distributed system generators or place unfair burdens on compliance.

And finally there have to be utilities willing to adopt and implement programs for those customers or willing homeowners.

To make small scale renewable energy more than just a pipe dream, communities, utilities, state regulators and the nation need to move forward equally on all three fronts.

Willing Homeowners
So far, few homeowners have elected to install renewable energy equipment on their own. Most residential installations nationwide have taken advantage of state or local utility incentives that help homeowners cover some of the estimated $15,000 -25,000 installation and interconnections expenses.

States leading the way in this area like New Jersey and Colorado are struggling with ways to provide incentives without raising rates for all electric rate payers. In addition to the issue of incentives and rebates, the issue of homeowner education is a big issue. Too many homeowners have unrealistic expectations about the amount of money to be made selling excess power back to utilities even in areas with strong utility support for these systems.

These homeowners not only need to be willing to install the equipment on their homes but they need to be willing to monitor their systems and reassure their local utility that they won’t become a danger to themselves, their neighbors or the electric grid itself. A great source of practical self education information is available at Real Goods . They sell a book called the Solar Living Source Book that really is as they claim “the bible on renewable energy”. You can’t be serious about alternative energy and green power if you don’t have one on your book shelf. I have several versions and each new addition has great tips on getting the rubber to meet the road – so to speak.

Supportive State Regulations
In many states with willing and well educated homeowners you may face a list of regulatory hurdles that are more designed to protect myopic utilities, coal producers and the status quo then they are likely to support the installation of interconnected distributed generation. The two key areas of regulatory support are in net-metering regulations and interconnection requirements.

Onerous insurance or safety disconnect requirements can unnecessarily stifle willing homeowners before they even begin buying equipment. Some states however, like New Jersey, Colorado and Pennsylvania are working out these details in a way that protects public safety, assures utilities of safe interconnection and maintenance practices and supports small scale renewable distributed generation. The Network for New Energy Choices provides up to date analysis and reporting on statewide net-metering and interconnection rules. See their report Freeing the Grid: 2007 Edition.

“As of September 2007, thirty-nine states had adopted statewide programs that established rules for compensating consumers who own grid-tied renewable-energy systems. These programs award owners of small, grid-tied renewables the same savings as one would expect from conserving energy on-site.” – Freeing the Grid; Report No. 02-07 November 2007

Progressive Uilities
Utilities have a long history of making excuses for not supporting net-metering or distributed generation connections to the grid, yet for those utilities that have seen the light, customers are helping to meet the growing need for electricity in a way that actually saves utilities money in reduced infrastructure, improved reliability and deferred generation and transmission improvements . One of the leaders in small system residential solar development is the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). “SMUD offers an incentive of $2.50 per watt, based on system performance (orientation, array, tilt and shade). The incentive will be paid to the approved PV contractor and should be reflected in the contractor's bid to the customer.”

What is the incentive for utilities to support distributed renewable energy generation? In the long run it will be survival, but in the short run its just money and reliability. In my last post I referred to the North American Reliability Corporation’s Long Term Reliability Assessment conclusions. They discuss electric power shortages in as little as two years. No matter which source you consult, everyone agrees that even with major conservation efforts, there will be a shortage of power. By promoting distributed generation, utilities add resources without the expense of generation and transmission.

Without the three pronged dedication of homeowners willing to dig into their own pockets, State regulator’s supporting reasonable enabling legislation and local utility support and cooperation, the green power revolution will choke on unfulfilled expectations. There are positive signs that all three key actors have learned from past mistake and are working toward a more supportive and measured approach to small scale distributed generation.

The recent Coop America Utility Solar Assessment (USA) Study summary says, “For the first time in history, a confluence of forces is coming together — solar technology developments, conventional energy price increases, aging transmission and distribution infrastructure, climate concerns, security issues, and others — that bring the dramatic worldwide growth of solar increasingly to center stage. In this rapidly changing energy landscape, the 10 percent goal is truly within reach.”

Next week I’ll go into more detail about utility company attitudes towards interconnection requirements and net-metering.

Hey. My hit counter says someone is reading this. What do you think ? Post a comment. If you have a question about energy conservation or renewable energy ask me, I'll try to find objective answers.
© Mark Daily, 2008

What will you do when your area runs out of electricity? - Preparing for Future Electricity Demands

2008-09-03T20:59:00.003-04:00

Ignoring the title question is like an ostrich hiding its head in the sand when attacked by wild dogs. Guess which part of the anatomy gets bitten first? So it could be with us, if we all ignore the facts when it comes to getting electricity to our homes and businesses.

Electricity users throughout the United States and Canada are being ostriches unless they actively ask their elected Representatives to deal with the question, “how can we power the future without destroying the planet or making electricity a luxury few can afford”.

“Summer peak demand in the U.S. is forecast to increase over 135,000 MW or 17.7 percent in the next ten years with committed resources projected to increase 77,000 MW or 8.4 percent
(including uncommitted resources, 123,000 MW or 12.7 percent).” Source: NERC 2007 Long-Term Reliability Assessment

No matter which study or forecast you review, the answer comes out the same. We will not have enough electric power to meet our needs in as little as two years, if our current (pun intended) behavior doesn’t change. It the NERC assessment is correct we will have 5 percent less electricity than we need when 2018 arrives in less than ten years.

Don’t be an ostrich, take action. If you are a member of a rural electric cooperative your supplier belongs to the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. They created a website that makes it easy for anyone to contact their elected representatives. I did it in about five minutes and you can do it too.

Go to https://www.ourenergy.coop and after reading that page, scroll down to the line that says "Contact your electric officials and begin the dialogue now". When you click the arrow at the end of this line, you will be asked to fill out your name and address to email your US Senators and US House of Representatives with the following message:

Our country faces a crisis as electricity use increases faster than available supply. I believe that by unleashing American ingenuity we can solve this problem. What are you doing to speed the development of new technology which will allow me to have the electric power I need while meeting our national climate policy goals? I look forward to your answer and will share it with my friends and neighbors. Thank you.

Then click “Send Message”, that’s it. You don’t even have to know who your representatives are. By filling in your name and address your message will automatically be sent to the correct representatives and you will get a brief confirming message listing which representatives were emailed on your behalf. It’s easy.

Let me know who it went and what you think about it.

© Mark Daily, 2008

Save the Planet Save Your money- This book helps you do both

2008-08-25T21:54:00.004-04:00

Looking for a great tax free investment? Wishing for an operating manual for your house? Longing to know how to evaluate your energy using appliances and home heating systems? Puzzled why your electric bill was so high? Frustrated trying to learn what to do about it? Now there are solutions to your problems with a new book by Godo Stoyke.

Energy efficiency guru Amory Lovins has said it for decades. When it comes to electricity generation, saving energy equals constructing energy supply. Now we have a tool to help us reduce the need for more power plants and save cash at home, all at the same time. And, the best part is that if you pick the right energy conservation efforts, you’ll have a better return on investment then anything you can do in the stock market even when the stock market was doing well.

The Carbon Buster’s Home Energy Handbook by Godo Stoyke (New Society Publishers) is the next best thing to an owner’s manual for your home. Chapter by chapter, step by step, this easy to read book lays out choices that you can make in your home to live better, reduce your impact on the globe and keep more money in your pocket and out of the utility company’s cash register.

The best part about saving energy with this book is that it’s short. In only 131 pages, LEED accredited graduate of the University of Alberta Master of Science program, lays out a clear picture of concrete steps you can take to identify your home’s energy appetite, search for unwanted energy hogs and quickly learn what can and can’t save you money.

“The purpose of this book is to show you the most effective and most cost effective ways to reduce your carbon emissions and the best ways to reduce your family’s energy bills.” Stoyke goes on to describe products and technologies that do just that. He explains the way of the Carbon Miser, whose only mission is to get the best return on investment (ROI) versus the Carbon Buster whose emphasis is reducing negative environmental consequences.

In nicely designed appendices Stoyke provides tables that list Efficiency measures with their corresponding carbon reductions, cost savings and payback years. He even lists energy conservation steps according to best return on investment.

This should be one book that everyone has in the house.

© Mark Daily, 2008

SHOP FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT APPLIANCES

2008-08-18T11:27:00.002-04:00

Shopping for appliances isn’t fun. I usually don’t shop for an appliance until the one I have breaks down. Then, it’s a mad dash to the store to find a quick replacement. When a season’s worth of frozen vegetables is melting in your busted freezer, energy conservation is the last thing on your mind.

Unfortunately a hasty decision in the appliance selection process can cost you extra cash over the next fifteen years, the average life of most home appliances. “When you buy an appliance, you commit to paying both the first cost and the operating cost for as long as you own it. And over the life of an appliance, the energy cost to run it can be many times greater than the first cost. So it pays to buy an energy-efficient appliance,” says the introduction to the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy’s Consumer Guide.

A refrigerator or freezer that costs an extra $200 but saves you $100 per year in energy bills, will not be $200 more expensive than the cheaper model. Actually in fifteen years it will have been $1,300 less expensive due to the higher operating costs of the cheaper model. So, if you really want to save money on appliances don’t compare price, compare efficiency ratings instead.

When shopping for appliances there are two stickers that help you compare. One is the Yellow Energy Guide. The other is the Energy Star Label.

The Yellow Energy Guide label shows a comparison of the highest and lowest energy consumption or efficiency estimates of similar appliance models, based on test procedures established by the US Department of Energy. This information lets you compare the features, size and energy usage of different models. From “uses least energy” to “uses most energy,” a scale shows how a model stacks up against the competition. Since 1980, the Federal Trade Commission has required the Energy Guide labels on refrigerators, freezers, dishwashers, clothes washers, room air conditioners, water heaters, furnaces, boilers, central air conditioners, heat pumps and pool heaters. Labels are not yet required on clothes dryers, portable space heaters, kitchen ranges, microwave ovens, lights or on-demand tank-less water heaters.

Energy Star labels are not on all appliances, but you should always look for this sticker to get the most efficient appliance possible. To earn the ENERGY STAR, these appliances must meet strict energy efficiency criteria set by the US Environmental Protection Agency or the US Department of Energy. They use less energy and reduce your contribution to green house gas emissions from power plants.

More than 70% of American households recognize the Energy Star label. DOE estimates that $16 billion dollars was saved by consumers on 2007 utility bills.

According to the DOE Energy Star website here is what you can expect in savings by purchasing the following Energy Star appliances.
-Qualified refrigerators are at least 15% more efficient than the minimum federal efficiency standard.
-Qualified TVs consume 3 watts or less when switched off, compared to a standard TV, which consumes almost 6 watts on average.
-Office equipment that qualifies automatically enters a low-power "sleep" mode after a period of inactivity.
-Qualified light bulbs (compact florescent or CFL) use two-thirds less energy than a standard incandescent bulb and must meet additional operating and reliability guidelines.
-Qualified furnaces offer a rating of 90% AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency) or greater, which is about 15% more efficient than the minimum federal efficiency standard.

So buying Energy Star appliances ensures that you are buying the most efficient models possible. You also save money by getting appliances with the “least energy used” per model category. Shop now, but don’t buy until you really need a new appliance. After all, these standards may change again and manufacturers are always coming up with more energy efficient models. That shouldn’t keep you being prepared by shopping ahead of time.
© Mark Daily, 2008

Clear Skies is a Lie

2008-08-11T14:43:00.001-04:00

I can’t figure out why the public isn’t outraged over the obvious disregard for human health that comes with provisions of President Bushes’ Clear Skies Act. This is just one in a long list of legislation proposed by the Bush administration that does the exact opposite of its title. The Clear Skies Act makes our skies less clear by so many measurable standards that the title could only have been selected by a room full of comedians. Clear Skies? I don’t think so.

According the National Resource Defense Counsel, “The Clear Skies legislation sets new targets for emissions of sulfur dioxide, mercury, and nitrogen oxides from U.S. power plants. But these targets are weaker than those that would be put in place if the Bush administration simply implemented and enforced the existing law! Compared to current law, the Clear Skies plan would allow three times more toxic mercury emissions, 50 percent more sulfur emissions, and hundreds of thousands more tons of smog-forming nitrogen oxides. It would also delay cleaning up this pollution by up to a decade compared to current law and force residents of heavily-polluted areas to wait years longer for clean air compared to the existing Clean Air Act.”

Zachary Roth writing for the Columbia Journalism Review put it this way, “It’s not just that the Clear Skies reduction targets are “little different” from what would be achieved by simply enforcing the Clean Air Act. It’s that Clear Skies, despite its name, would actually lead to more pollution than the existing Clean Air Act, because current law calls for further reductions over time.

In other words, either Clear Skies or strict enforcement of the Clean Air Act would make the air cleaner than it is today. But enforcing current law will achieve greater reductions than would Clear Skies”.

According to Energy Central Ken Silverstien “In February, a federal appeals court in Washington, D.C. ruled that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency had violated the Clean Air Act by refusing to make mercury reductions mandatory. Instead, the Bush administration had proposed a voluntary cap-and-trade system that it says would have reduced mercury emissions by 70 percent by 2018.”

Yet cap and trade means that those that can trade, create hot zones of mercury pollution that may exceed responsible mercury pollution standards.

The NRDC says that “Mercury can cause serious neurological and developmental damage, including birth defects, subtle losses of sensory or cognitive ability, and delays in developmental milestones such as walking and talking. Power plants are responsible for 34 percent of all mercury emissions, which settle into our waters, where they accumulate in fish. In 41 states, officials warn against eating fish from mercury-contaminated lakes and rivers.”

Are people really so busy that they can’t rally enough vocal opposition to this blatant attempt to court irresponsible industries? Are we so strapped financially that we can’t keep our air clean enough to avoid health problems?

If this is all about money why aren’t the taxpayers outraged at the expense of treating air pollution related illnesses and diseases. It has to be less expensive to prevent the pollution than it is to treat all of the health problems associated with dirty air. Yet, people remain focused on complaints about the high cost of electricity without realizing that they are going to have to pay more money for health problems than they would for prevention programs.

I just don’t get it. Can someone out there explain it to me?

Electric Rates- Consumers Must Wade Through the Hype and Speak Up

2008-08-06T12:25:00.003-04:00

Writing about energy issues isn’t easy. There are a host of dueling experts that love to aggressively champion their ideas. Some even have secret motives tied to parts of the energy industry. Are these objective writers? It’s hard to say frankly. I once had a person reading my material wonder aloud “which side are you on”? That really is the whole point of my writing. I don’t want to be on a “side” unless it is the side of getting the most accurate and honest information out to the most number of people.

As general consumers I believe we still have a rather naive view of electric energy and electric energy issues. Many people still hold the idea that there are these robber baron capitalists that are cranking out copious amount of “dirty” electricity trying to make the most money for the least investment possible. Of course, this is the American way some would argue.”What’s wrong with that? ”, some might say; Nothing, actually. That may well be the goal of most utility companies and their investors. Yet each state has its own utility commission that reviews utility rate increases and keeps a lid on potential abuses from the private sector. Municipal Utilities have tax payers that theoretically are keeping an eye on things and can vote the scoundrels out if rates climb beyond reasonable expense recovery and, member owned public power districts and member owned rural electric cooperatives also have the “membership vote” regulation in play.

So, if these regulating functions are doing their jobs no one should be paying more than absolutely necessary for electricity and no utility company should be getting windfall profits from the sale of electricity. And, I think that this has largely been the case with the California mess and Enron being the main exceptions to the rule. Fingers pointing in so many directions on those debacles that everyone got a little of the blame there.

In fact with those exceptions, regulators have been doing their jobs so well that in many states prices per kilowatt hour had actually gone down in the 90’s as a result of deals made between regulators and utilities over electric utility de-regulation. Unfortunately increasing fuel costs for all utilities have cancelled out the anticipated price reductions and left many companies in the red begging for rate increases in recent years. Our memories are short when it comes to electricity prices, so the feelings consumers have today are strictly based on recent and nation-wide rate increases and any residual positive perception from the rate decreases of the 90’s has long evaporated in the angry and heated response over the most recent bill.

So, what’s a consumer to do? The main thing a consumer can do is get familiar with their electric bill. How much are you paying per kilowatt hour? What is your monthly kWh use? How much does your monthly use fluctuate with the seasons? What appliances do you have that contribute the most to your electric bill? These questions all go to the heart of the concept – “if it’s not being measured, it’s not being managed”, and if you aren’t trying to manage your electric bill, then you deserve whatever bill you get. And, whatever bill you get is your fault, not your utility’s.

The next best thing you can do is let your elected representative know that you are tired of them spending so much time worrying about what’s going on in public bathrooms and private bedrooms and get back to the job we elected them to do, which is to research, propose and adopt legislation that encourages us all to take a long range view of energy issues.

Alternate Energy Advocates need to Get Real

2008-07-30T12:25:00.000-04:00

Electricity is today, by almost any standard, a requirement for modern life.

A nation-wide system of unrelated companies makes electricity, a product that cannot be seen, stored or stockpiled and gets it delivered to every corner of the nation through a series of wires connected by thousands of different companies, 24 hours a day for 365 days a year.

This product reaches the customer at the exact moment that the customer wants it- even when the customer doesn’t know they want it. If too much electricity is delivered, things start melting. If too little electricity is delivered, things start melting. This is not like gas for your car. There is no gauge showing a low tank so you can head to the filling station. This is a product that most homeowners only think about when it isn’t there or when the price goes up.

The back bone of the electric power generation system consists of thousands of power plants spread across the country. Most are located strategically near urban load centers or sources of fuel. Usually, sources of fuel, like coal or wind or hydro power, are nowhere near urban load centers.

Base-load fossil fuel is stockpiled allowing power plants to schedule power production to meet anticipated loads. When power plant schedulers get it right, nobody notices. When they get it wrong, rolling brown-outs or black-outs inspire months of government investigation and reams of customer hate mail focused on those utilities that left them in the dark or melted their ice cream. Wholesale power suppliers pay various contract penalties for being short on generation delivery if they under produce or waste electricity and ratepayer’s money if they produce more than is needed.

Because of the ability to schedule these base-load fossil fuel systems, they are called “dispatch-able”. Schedulers dispatch power at varying levels targeted every thirty minutes to meet your electricity demands. They do it based on formulas that consider historic loads, predicted weather conditions and anticipated load growth. Wind and solar energy are not “dispatch-able”.

Based load power plants have an excellent track record of meeting the nation’s needs. As a whole, they achieve an astounding 80% production output that combines with back-up power generation and regional inter-connections to provide electricity at your house almost 100 percent of the time.

Renewable power production facilities have a track record of 25% output. As renewables become more plentiful and spread over wider geographic areas, this “production” factor will improve. Increased reliability through diversity has long been a goal of renewable energy advocates. The Rocky Mountain Institute is one group supporting this concept. Their recent research in the July 2008 issue of their Solution Journal describes how that might come about.

Utilities, have historically appeared to drag their feet about including wind and solar power into their generation portfolio. This is not because they dislike clean power, but because they feel like a 25 % production track record does not meet the needs of their customers. From their perspective, every kilowatt of wind or solar power generation must be backed up with equal base load generation to cover the 75% of the time renewable resources fail to deliver power. In a business dedicated to reliable power at the least cost, the expense of supporting renewable energy means building redundant base-load coverage.

Until customers get “real” about alternate energy expectations there will always be conflict between customer expectations and utility’s ability to deliver.

Climate Change and the Tooth Fairy

2008-05-21T10:34:00.000-04:00

Every once in a while I find myself in one of those conversations that begins with someone saying, “I don’t believe in Global Climate Change”. To me, the issue of Global Climate change is not a matter of belief or disbelief. When the world talks about Global Climate change or politicians or scientists talk about global climate change, they are not talking about a belief at all really. I mean not like “do you believe in Big Foot or the Tooth Fairy”.

Here is the difference. So far no one has been able to cite a documented observation, clear photographic record, or reproducible experiment evaluated by confirming peer reviewed data or evidence on either Big Foot or the Tooth Fairy. A peer group of four year olds might all agree that the tooth fairy does exist, but we should expect a higher degree of professionalism from the scientific community about the issue of Global Climate change.

To that end, a group of scientists have in fact gotten together to look at all of the available data, various studies, some modeling scenarios and a host of other scientific documentation relating to global climate and temperature variations. This data not only covers historic records kept by people, it also includes scientific estimates of historic temperatures, snow and ice levels, based on agreed upon methods of ice core sample research etc.; along with current information.

The results of this work was printed recently in a report called,
An Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This report also included a summary of the findings. This summary, approved in detail at Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Plenary XXVII (Valencia, Spain, 12-17 November 2007), “represents the formally agreed upon statement of the IPCC concerning key findings and uncertainties contained in the Working Group contributions to this Fourth Assessment Report” according to their web site introduction.

Everyone that cares about the facts relating to climate change owes it to themselves and the people that may roll their eyes behind their backs when they announce that they do or don’t “believe in global warming”, to read this summary. And, after a winter like we’ve had this year you can just imagine the debate. However, when you look at the numbers and compare studies and ask consistent questions, the facts, according to this Assessment Summary, seem to point to a real change in the temperature of the globe, with shrinking ice and snow fields and rising ocean levels all pointing to unprecedented increases in global temperature.

Then of course the next question would be, “is this a natural change or a man made change?” This same assessment says it is probably a man made change. Now I don’t just mean “probably” like someday I’ll probably have car trouble, I mean that there is a real likely hood based on the evidence that the climate is warming more rapidly now than any natural conditions would predict or explain. The study goes on to say that this trend is consistent with trends in the production of green house gases created by human activity.

Far from being the “hoax” that some headlines flaunt, the issue of climate change cannot easily be dismissed after reading this summary. If climate change is our fault, then the next question becomes, “what if anything should we or can we do about it”?

The impacts to the world wide human and animal communities predicted in the IPPCC Assessment are not cheerful. Their predictions do not show a happy ending. And, of course, since everyone agrees that no one can really predict the future, until it’s too late to do anything about, this is where any thought of corrective action and who foots the bill will get bogged down. The resulting gridlock debate will make the US Senate look like a decisive action oriented group of rational, objective and logical thinkers

I think we are all too hung up on taking action to stop Global Climate change. There are many compelling reasons to take actions that will help reduce man’s impact to the climate that have nothing to do with helping to reduce man’s impact to the climate.

For example, driving less, or buying a vehicle with better gas mileage ratings, will save you money in the long run. Driving less gives you more time to do other things that might be more fun than driving. Aside from the climate change issue, gas prices will continue to rise, not because burning gasoline is or isn’t changing the climate, but because the more we use the less there will be and when there is less of something that people want, the price goes up. Throw into this discussion the possibility that our purchase of gasoline supports people that are trying to kill us (terrorists, communists and other “ists”) and you have to ask yourself, “geez, why would I want to use gasoline at all”?

Now gasoline conservation by itself will not solve all climate problems, but it keeps your money in your pocket. So if you have no clue about how to reduce your driving, Google “Reduce your driving”. You’ll find all kinds of ideas.

Next time I’ll get into ways you can cut your home heating fuel use and how to evaluate your options. I’m trying as many of these ideas as I can afford. I want to spend my money on fun things, not on gas and utilities.

Make the Global Climate Change Debate Irrelevant

2008-03-20T14:21:00.003-04:00

If you are having trouble sleeping, one cure that works for me on those rare occasions is reading dueling opinions about climate change. Try this one from Energy Pulse . It’s a real dozy, not because of the various and conflicting opinions and not because of the demeaning and sarcastic tone of several of the authors.

The discussion is a dozy because most of us really don’t see how we can make sense out of the debate. How many scientists does it take to screw in a light bulb? Just two, but I can’t figure out how they get in there. If higher math skills were the only requirement for solving the world’s problems, I suspect solutions would be in place. There are lots of really smart people in this world. What’s missing is a reasoned and universally agreeable way to talk about these issues.
So, I’ll stop making jokes and offer this prayer for a better world; a world where people that disagree can work together on agreeable facts that make a foundation for future discussions. We should be long past the point of arguing about what makes up green house gases. We should be over the discussion about whether climate change is a natural or manmade phenomenon. Just as we can all agree that two times two equals four there must be a definitive answer to the question, “what causes destructive impacts to our atmosphere”? Just as we can all agree that zero times anything is still zero, there must be an answer about the causes of these impacts that isn’t clouded by suspicious industry related sources.

Refusing to take any action to reduce climate change whether it is real or not is like refusing to buy home owner’s insurance because you don’t know how hot the fire will be if your house burns down. Come on, if we can’t figure out the science and explain it so the public can understand it, the least we can do is buy some insurance.

The only social change that has ever been successful came about from individuals taking individual actions in open environment of honest debate and factual argument. Let’s get back to that.

Most of us are too busy trying to keep up with jobs and family to care about this debate, but all of us care about the financial health of our families. Who doesn’t like to live better for less? If I have extra time or money, I am going to spend it on better appliances, windows, doors, more insulation, and other systems that will help me keep more of the money I earn, rather than giving it to businesses and corporations that use profits to argue about the facts. The beauty of this is that it could make scientific debate about climate change irrelevant while it saves me money all at the same time.

In the next few months, almost every family is going to get a small windfall or tax rebate money. You can do what George asks and spend it on disposable items that will end up in some landfill. You can do what many fear - put it in savings. Or, you can put it to work by improving some part of the building envelope where you live or work. When you do this, you get to keep more of the money you earn in the future.

One person at a time; one house at a time, one energy saving project at a time. The money and time you invest today will save you money tomorrow. Just think what your life would be like today if you had spent another 10% on better windows, or better doors or more insulation ten years ago. Today your family would be spending less for energy to run your homes and businesses. It’s better than the value of compounding interest and you get to feel its warmth and see its benefits every month in lower utility bills.

Why Environmentalists think Electric Utility Executives are a pain.

2008-03-11T12:28:00.002-04:00

Environmentalists view utility executives as part of the cause of global climate change and resource pollution rather than as the defenders of low cost reliable energy that electric utility executives view themselves being. This disconnect between executive’s self image and the environmental community image has several sources. One is the media attention focused on electric utility problems and mistakes. Enron leaps into mind as does the California billing crisis. Unfortunately every mistake from Three Mile Island to Florida’s recent blackout feeds an impression that electric utility executives make important decisions without including the public in their decision making. These media reports have been long on fearful emotions and short on engineering details. It comes down to the idea that people tend to fear what they don’t understand and utility executives have not been at all successful at improving the public’s understanding of the utility business.

The other source of this distrust goes back many years.

In an address to the National Association of Science Writers in New York on September 16, 1954, US Atomic Energy Commission Chairman Lewis L. Strauss was talking about nuclear power and said, "It is not too much to expect that our children will enjoy in their homes electrical energy too cheap to meter; will know of great periodic regional famines in the world only as matters of history; will travel effortlessly over the seas and under them and through the air with a minimum of danger and at great speeds, and will experience a lifespan far longer than ours, as disease yields and man comes to understand what causes him to age. This is the forecast of an age of peace." (N.Y. Times, August 7, 1955)

Now that the future has arrived we all feel cheated since few of these predictions have materialized. The promise of electricity “too cheap to meter” hits especially hard as rate increases nation-wide reminder us of the failure to reach this dream. So, we have to blame someone and who better to blame than people we don’t really understand, electric utility executives.

And of course, electric utility executives encourage a certain amount of persecution simply by the way they conduct business. If they manage an investor owned utility, their allegiance is to stockholders and investors whose primary interest is the biggest return on their investment. If they lead a municipal or member cooperative electric utility, their allegiance is to their diverse constituents. Some constituents believe we must explore alternate energy resources, demand side management and energy conservation while other constituents simply want the cheapest way to keep beer cold and light bulbs working.

While the environmental community buys the whole global climate change scenario, utility executives generally remain skeptical about the role of power generation in climate change.

Al Gore included this quote in his book about the subject that seems to apply here.

“It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends upon his not understanding it.” Upton Sinclair

Utility Executive are well educated and experienced. They have seen a lot of history and simply don’t buy the premise that mankind is powerful enough to alter the planet’s climate. A common agreement about facts remains a barrier of distrust between utility executives and the environmental community. Many “green” concepts and the load reduction possibilities of energy conservation are also viewed skeptically by utility executives because in their experience customers don’t use these programs, even when they are well advertised and free.

To add to these differences in world view, they tend to over-estimate load growth because it takes so long to get new generation and transmission facilities in place. They feel the only way they can avoid the rolling blackouts of the Northeast several years ago or more recent sustained power outages in southern Florida is to have lots of facilities approved and ready to go.

The rewards for succeeding with energy conservation and demand side management are not equal to the penalties imposed for poor power reliability.

Utility executives refuse to talk about anything but base-load coal generation because when real numbers are compared, they do not see how renewable energy or energy conservation can meet the demands for electricity based on today’s energy use growth trends. Yet, if they stand up and say these things, environmentalists respond with personal attacks and polarizing comments. This only increases the resolve of utility executives to push for business as usual. It forces them to retreat into protective policies that lack transparency.

Balancing the diverse needs and desires of electric utility customers is not for the faint of heart. Yet, from the looks of things today, it is clear that utilities must do a better job of explaining a boring but necessary business to a busy and misinformed public. "We live in a society exquisitely dependent on science and technology, in which hardly anyone knows anything about science and technology." - Carl Sagan

And, this lack of knowledge will continue to haunt utility executives for many years. Their refusal to discuss facts about alternatives because they think it is a waste of time, money and effort will continue to be the primary reason that environmentalists think electric utility executives are a pain in the… you know what.

Why Utility Executives Think Environmentalists are a Pain in the Ass

2008-02-20T22:52:00.002-05:00

Utility Executives think environmentalists are a pain in the ass for many reasons, but the main reason is because the language that environmentalists use to talk about utilities and utility executives hurts their feelings. Oh you won’t get them to admit it. Utility executives often have engineering or accounting backgrounds and these professions are not exactly known for their warm and fuzzy emotional types. But, still, environmentalists create immediate walls of distrust and antagonism just by choosing annoying words to frame their points of view.

Think of your own profession or job. Would you like it if people referred to what you were doing with words like “toxic”, “destruction”, “degradation”, “waste”, “monopoly”, “cancer” or my favorite derogatory word “spew”. What have you been spewing today? Did you spew your product on anyone?

How about degradation? Have you degraded anything today?

While most businesses secretly wish they were monopolies, no one likes to be accused of being one. It just isn’t the American way.

So, imagine recent headlines referring to the electric utility industry. Oh, I know, I am going to exaggerate a little for effect, but still you can imagine a headline like this in your local newspaper.
“Electric Monopoly Spews Toxic Destruction Degrading Air quality linked to Cancer”.

It’s like the old conundrum “when did you stop beating your wife”? Environmentalists lead with a verbal left hook. And, it seems like the only reason they would do that is to get headlines or make someone angry. If you had a neighbor with a barking dog or a messy yard, you wouldn’t storm over there demanding and accusing, unless you just like fist fighting. You’d get to know them first and find out if there were extenuating reasons for their behavior. Chances are there is more to the story. You know that. And the Electric Utility industry is in the same spot, there is more to the story. In fact, all of us that love our computers, televisions, cold beer, toast, light after dark, and inexpensive consumer goods, are all – the rest of the story.

Today we are stuck in what peace activist Adam Kahane calls “debating”. We have each side shouting their view of the facts hoping to drown out the other’s argument. One side says, “We can power the economy with a combination of wind, solar and conservation”. The other side shouts back, “No we cannot, the load growth is too large, we must use fossil fuels and expand nuclear power”.

What can we do about all of this? We can and must do two things. Stop wasting electricity and stop wasting words about solving environmental problems. I did not say stop using electricity (we can’t). Nor did I say stop having conversations about environmental problems. I said stop wasting energy and stop wasting words.

Study the work of Adam Kahane and learn how to talk to each other about difficult issues. If Adam can do it with people that have been killing each other for decades, we can do it with the inflammatory dialogue of the environment and electricity generation debate. The so called choice between the economy and the environment is a false choice. The environment is the economy (and I am tempted to violate my own beliefs and add “stupid”, but I won’t).

We must develop a generative dialogue to realize that we all agree that the earth is our only home. We must make collective decisions about how and what we spew. We should decide together when, where and why we degrade. We must face and answer the question about what we do about waste. In the long run we must reduce even the distant potential to harm our health and the health of our children through toxins, climate change and reduced air quality. Our very lives depend on it. It will not serve the future well to stay in divisive arguments. We must come together and agree on mutually understood facts. We must take decisive steps to make this world the kind of earth on which we can all live healthy and productive lives for all eternity. We cannot keep borrowing the future from our children and hope new technology bails us out. We cannot keep ignoring the elephant in the living room without catastrophic impacts to our homes. We cannot keep calling each other names and expect to ever have the kind of world that we know in our hearts is possible.

Please, let’s all do something today to take action on those two things that we can do. Stop wasting energy and stop wasting words. We could call it Vision Power Generation. Make it all count.

Next time in the interests of fair play, I‘ll explain why environmentalists think Utility Executives are a pain in the ass.
©Mark Richard Daily, 2008

Why Utility Executives Hate Renewable Energy Portfolio Standards

2008-02-12T16:22:00.000-05:00

Did you ever wonder why Renewable Energy provides less than ten percent of this nation’s electric energy? What the heck is an RPS and why should you take action to support them? And, finally if RPS’s are such a good idea, why do many utility executives hate them?

Defining Renewable Portfolio Standards
Renewable Portfolio Standards are not exactly on everyone’s mind these days. A Google search of RPS is just as likely to turn up sites about Rock – Paper – Scissors. Some insist that RPS is a game, but for states moving ahead with renewable energy industries, Renewable Portfolio Standards, sometimes called Renewable Electricity Standards, can be just the extra push that renewables need to become a big player in the electric energy generation game.

“A renewable portfolio standard is a state policy that requires electricity providers to obtain a minimum percentage of their power from renewable energy resources by a certain date. Currently there are 24 states plus the District of Columbia that have RPS policies in place. Together these states account for more than half of the electricity sales in the United States.
Four other states, Illinois, Missouri, Virginia, and Vermont, have nonbinding goals for adoption of renewable energy instead of an RPS.

Three states, Missouri, Virginia, and Vermont, have set voluntary goals for adopting renewable energy instead of portfolio standards with binding targets.”
Source: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy

Today renewable energy makes up less than 10% of the generation mix anywhere in the nation. And, 8% of that is from conventional large hydroelectric dam facilities. Wind generation even with its recent strong growth amounts to less than 1% of the generation mix and solar comes in at 0.04% of the generation resource in 2005.

Non-renewable resources mostly fossil fuel related, still account for 89.9% of the electricity generated in the USA.

Utility Executives Hate Renewable Portfolio Standards
So, why do some utility executives appose Renewable Portfolio Standards? It’s simple. No one likes it when someone else tells them what to do, especially when that someone else is outside the industry and expertise of that industry. Utility executives feel that the public is ill-informed about the true costs of electric energy generation. Utility executives with electrical engineering background especially feel that the public has arrived at their “pro-renewable” stance based on incomplete or faulty information. “If you knew what I know….,” you can hear them saying.

Frankly, I think that these executives are right. You don’t have to review too many of my previous blogs to find examples of misguided renewable cheerleaders getting carried away with a few acts or ignoring the facts all together. One mission of this blog is to correct that lack of information. The Union of Concerned Scientists must feel the same way because their FAQ does a pretty nice job of answering those happy hour questions about renewable energy.

Despite gains made in renewable energy production and in spite of the fact that the “fuel” for wind and solar energy is free, the fact still remains that all renewable energy resources cost more to get into the grid than non-renewable energy.

The Bottom Line for Renewable Energy
So, here is the real reason utility executives hate RPS. It raises rates and these guys have never ever gotten one phone call from any of their consumers yelling at them for having rates that were too low. Oh no my friends. I know from personal experience being the main person fielding angry customer complaints that I never, ever in fifteen years of dealing with angry customers – had a customer angry with me because rates were too low; quite the opposite in fact. And, since utility executives are trying to deliver electricity at the best rates possible, no one wants to be forced into RPS regulations mandating higher rates. Or, worse yet mandating rate freezes while requiring RPS targets, similar to what the retail deregulation experience did in many states.

A recent study by American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy of the financial impacts of RPS adoption shows that over all energy costs would go down but the cost savings do not happen right away and this study shows that electricity rates by themselves go up as a result of RPS implementation.

Renewable Energy Management
Renewable Energy tends to be a small scale disbursed generation resource. This requires more coordination for dispatching electricity to the load or demand centers that need the juice. Having a host of renewable energy resource generators to coordinate instead of one huge coal fired power plant gives utility executives nightmares. While there can be positive aspects to a more widely distributed generation resource, there is also the real possibility that making the system more complicated will lead to more system failures, brown-outs and black outs from mistakes made in the dispatch process.

What Can You Do to help Push Renewable Energy Electricity Generation and RPS forward?
So, how do we get around this opposition and get state legislators to adopt renewable portfolio standards?
There are three things that you must do to save the world.

First, know what you are talking about. Get the facts. Find out what alternate energy can really do. Parroting phrases like, “the State of Nevada has enough solar energy to power the entire US economy” is counter-productive. This may be a true statement, but unless you support extensive transmission line construction, no one cares what happens in Nevada.

Second, become a vocal, but polite voice advocating renewable energy development through the adoption of Renewable Energy or Renewable Electricity Portfolio Standards. Write to state and national elected officials and your utility executives and tell them that you support higher rates as long as those increases go toward the addition of renewable energy resources in their generation portfolios.

Finally the absolute most important thing that you can do to help renewable energy become a bigger percentage of the electricity generation mix is stop using electricity stupidly. This is more than just turning the lights off. Residential lighting in the US accounts for only about five percent of the entire electric energy demand. So even if you use headlamps all the time you haven’t done much to reduce energy use. Energy conservation means doing the same work smarter, by buying the most energy efficient appliances; hunting down and eliminating phantom electric loads in your house; making sure your home has the best insulation levels and high quality windows possible. Utility executives are not generating electricity because it’s a lot of fun. They are generating electricity because you are asking for it. Read some previous postings to find out more about energy conservation.

My next Blog will explain why utility executives think environmentalists are a pain in the ass.
©Mark Richard Daily

Why Electric Utility Executives Hate Net-Metering

2008-01-31T22:25:00.000-05:00

Net- Metering is a specific utility term used to describe the way utilities may allow small home generators to feed electricity back onto their electric distribution wire grids.

The DSIRE database, (Data base of State Incentives for Renewable & Efficiency) lists each state’s renewable programs. They define net- metering like this:

“Net Metering Rules For those consumers who have their own electricity generating units, net metering allows for the flow of electricity both to and from the customer through a single, bi-directional meter. With net metering, during times when the customer's generation exceeds his or her use, electricity from the customer to the utility offsets electricity consumed at another time. In effect, the customer is using the excess generation to offset electricity that would have been purchased at the retail rate. Under most state rules, residential, commercial, and industrial customers are eligible for net metering, but some states restrict eligibility to particular customer classes.”

This is a widely accepted definition but gets confused by some utility programs that don’t really offer net-metering. Instead they offer wholesale or avoided cost metering. This often requires two meters installed at the customer’s expense. One meter records the kWh flowing into their house from the utility grid and the other meter records the flow of electricity from the home’s power generation sources like a PV array or small wind turbine. The market drives the cost of electricity just like it does other commodities and the price we all pay on our electric bill reflects market value as well as actual costs for delivery. In the case of small alternate energy generators, utilities typically pay a wholesale rate for any energy that they buy directly.

One myth that is often used to oppose net-metering is the myth that meters go forward more accurately than they go backwards. Eletromechanical meters have no physical reason to run any differently more or less accurately no matter which way the current is going. Yet, this is the reason that many utilities require two meters. Two meters doubles your minimum monthly service charge and throws an un-necessary obstacle into the net-metering road.
Utilities that offer true net-metering, allow one meter that goes both directions. With this arrangement, consumer’s gain by having any energy that they generate going back to cancel the incoming kWh hours.

Once the meter hits zero on the register the price changes. Now you are making a net contribution to the grid instead of just canceling out your utility company generated power. So, the price you make on each kWh goes down to the wholesale rate which is typically 40 to 60 percent less than the retail rate. So, if you are going to run payback numbers for your project, you need to find out the average retail rate per kWh when you calculate the financial benefits of installing your own net-metering equipment.

Safety has always been very important to electric utilities and rightfully so. You can’t make any mistakes handling 14,000 volts of electricity without serious – usually fatal consequences. So, may utilities require a long list of lock out safety requirements and a hefty insurance liability policy from homeowners interested in installing net metering equipment.

Some utilities require a physical lock out device accessible to utility personnel; all day every day so that they can isolate your system from the grid while they are working on distribution circuits effected by your system.

I heard a good talk several years ago by a knowledgeable engineer about the potential danger from net-metering facilities. He seemed to think that the likely hood of a 12 or 24 volt 1.5 to 3.0KW net-metering system back feeding enough voltage to injury a line worker was a remote possibility and said it really was not scientifically supportable. Yet many utilities still persist in adding this substantial obstacle to net- metering installations from home owners.

Today, there are several alternate energy system inverters that take care of most of the legitimate interconnection and safety issues raised by utility regulations.

The main problem with net metering relates to the way you get billed for electricity. In most locations there are two parts to your bill. One part is a kWh charge that is supposed to cover all of the costs of getting each kWh to your house from the generation facility. The other part of your bill has a fixed minimum monthly charge or availability of service fee that is supposed to cover those expenses that a distribution utility incurs whether you use any electricity or not. If you leave town and throw your main breaker to the off position, you will not use any kWh. But, your meter is still sitting there ready for action and the wires coming to your house are still in the air or under the ground waiting for something to do and the utility company still needs to send a meter reader or use software to read your meter remotely just in case you use some juice that month. These fixed costs, like property taxes, accounting expenses and administrative expenses continue whether you use electricity or not. Also these expenses are often so high that utilities bundle a portion of the fixed expense into your kWh charge. So, if you are a net-metering customer whose meter hits zero or generates a lot of your own power that displaces the utility grid power , you are cutting into their revenue, without making a meaningful contribution to cutting the costs for buying power during the night and on cloudy days.

What may change utility attitudes toward net-metering is the growing need for additional generation resources and the clamor over fossil fuel generation. Utility executives maybe looking for net-metering resources to fill in peak daytime loads when the sun is shining, thus taking some of the pressure off financing new fossil fuel resources.

Do you have a question about how your electricity gets to your house? Ask me. I'll try to find out? GOt any other questions about electric energy generation? Ask me. I'll get some answers.

Alternate Electric Generation Systems need Facts

2008-01-23T13:21:00.000-05:00

It happened again Saturday. I was in a room of about thirty people eager to hear about the Sierra Club’s Cool Cities program. These thirty people appeared to be well educated. We were all certainly well feed because the meeting was at an Irish Pub. I thought about speaking up. Maybe it was the pint of Guinness. Maybe it was the weekend. At any rate, I bit my tongue and sat on my hands to avoid climbing on my soap box and alienating the few remaining friends I have.

Well meaning speakers got on the subject of net metering, wind power and hydro-electric energy generation. They were making the kind of statements that make uneducated crowds cheer and utility executives barf.

Here are some of the comments. “We have wind resources that should be used to replace dirty coal fired power plants”. “Solar energy systems are available that can be built into your house and power your home without the need for dirty coal fired power plants”.

Man, if it were only that simple.

Yes, there are wind resources throughout the United States that could be developed to provide power into the grid. Yes, there are integrated solar photo-voltaic systems that can be built into your house to provide clean energy. Yes, there are low head and small hydro-electric opportunities across the USA that contribute power to the nationwide electric grid. These things exist today and people are actually doing them, but there is more to the story. I believe that blindly repeating these cheer leader statements creates a climate of distrust between utilities and consumers that destroys the working relationships needed to really solve our electric energy problems.

The future of all of these technologies is exiting and optimistic. Yet, there are some very valid reasons that utilities might balk at massive expenditures to bring these technologies into the system today.

Wind Power- Wind power has seen exponential growth in construction and development, but it is still a small portion of the generating resource that keeps all of our lights on. In many areas the wind blows hard enough to get your attention but not hard enough to make a financially viable resource. The obvious limitation is that we expect electricity all the time, but the wind doesn’t blow all the time even in the Dakotas. Yes, some day there may be enough wind generation equipment well connected and spread out over a big enough area that system managers can “schedule” reliable power to load centers (like your neighborhood). Today however, utilities know that you will not wait to have electricity until the wind is blowing. This means that while wind can make a growing contribution to the grid, utilities feel that they must have base load reliable power generation that they can schedule to meet your power needs. So now, they are building and paying for wind facilities and coal fired facilities at the same time. This is part of the reason that generation utilities grimace in a crowd that’s screaming for more wind power. The other limitation to wind power is that people don’t usually like to live in a good wind resource area. While Chicago may be an exception, wind resources aren’t located near major population centers. So now we are talking major transmission facility construction and the people that are usually pro- wind, seem to be Not in My Back Yard (NIMBYS) when it comes to building transmission systems. Studying your wind resource for a full 12 months is the only way to find out what the wind power potential is for your site. You can get a rough idea about wind resources national wide from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).

Solar Power-New developments in thin film construction for solar panels promise to make collectors that will turn 50 percent of the light that hits them into power instead of the 10 to 25 percent efficiency of panels in service today. Today you can buy solar roofing materials that do double duty. These new products have been commercially available for years and protect your roof like shingles while making electricity at the same time. Thousands of homes across the nation are using solar panels called photo-voltaic systems to power their homes. So why not just go solar now? -Two reasons. First they aren’t going to power my home unless I make major (read expensive) changes to my home’s building envelope (walls, attic insulation, windows) and appliances (refrigerator, well pump, stock tank heater, etc). Second, no one wants to be in the dark when the sun goes down, so making central station solar generation, puts us in the dark just when we get home and want the power. The exception to that is business and air conditioning loads. Here again we run into a “disconnect” between wishful thinking and reality. A simple Photo voltaic system with controls and equipment will set you back $10,000 to $20,000 for a modest system capable of generating 1.5 KW (kilo-Watts) and every five to seven years you get to replace batteries at about $4- 5 K a wack. When I go through my house and add up the load demands my appliances and equipment require, I’m in trouble and I’ll bet your home and business is in the same situation. It takes a very large and very expensive system to supply the 500 kWh per month average energy demand of homes in the USA. If you are serious about going solar you have to get a copy of the Real Goods Source book. It’s a product catalogue and a how to manual rolled into one book.

Hydroelectric power- Big dams have gotten a lot of bad press lately. Never mind that customers in big dam areas have some of the lowest power bills in the nation. Big dams create a host of other environmental problems that have their own opponents. Small hydro facilities in the 500 KW range are springing up nation-wide MARK FIND OUT FACTS. These facilities have real potential to contribute to the electric grid in regions that have the resource. So why aren’t utilities knocking down the doors to license and build these facilities? Well, there are two reasons, licensing and building. Each permit to build generation equipment requires a long drawn out battle because of all of the conflicting issues. Why go through multiple battles 500 to 1000 KW at a time when you can fight one 100 or 500 Megawatt battle and build the facility closer to the load demanding the power?

Even the smallest hydroelectric system can use more water and more water fall than you think. If you think you have a small hydroelectric resource you must do the research and study of your water resource to find out the potential to make electricity. The Real goods catalogue can help, but other hydroelectric education resources are available.

So, there you have it. I know it’s confusing. I know that in one sentence I sound like a democrat and the next sounds more republican. I had one women read my stuff and get real confused about which side I was on, and that is the problem today. It seems we have to pick sides and one side is for dirty coal and the other side is for clean renewable energy. The truth is both sides want electricity 24 hours a day 7 days a week. Utilities are mandated by law to do two things. First they have to supply the amount of power you want when you want it. Second, they have to do it at the least possible expense. If that wasn’t hard enough, they have to get permits and design approval ten years before you want the power. No wonder some of those executives are cranky.

My next blog will explain why most utility executives hate net-metering.

The Death of the Electric Utility Industry- Part Two

2008-01-15T15:32:00.000-05:00

So, here is the scenario for the demise of central station electricity power grids. Many of the key elements are already visible. First you have climbing electric rates. Today, no one is predicting a decrease in electric rates. In fact no one is predicting stabilization of electric rates in the near future.

Next as central station power production rates climb, costs for alternative power systems keep going down. Innovations in wind turbine design, solar photo-voltaic output and other alternate electricity systems continue to drive down the costs of delivering power to your house from these choices. And, the majority of these systems are designed to work right at your house. No more buried cable or over head power lines for residential development. Bye Bye wires companies. No more distribution meters on homes for local distribution companies, adios distribution companies.

Of course this isn’t going to happen tomorrow, but the trends are there. Today the driving expense for wholesale power costs are power plants and transmission grids. These two features of the electric utility industry are also the most damaging to the environment. Witness the reduction in the number of proposed coal fired power plants as investors and consumer re-evaluate their roles in a climate change environment. Take away the residential load and what happens? Poof, now all that’s left is business and industrial loads.

Here too the trend is moving to disbursed generation facilities. Part of this movement is to improve reliability and part is a direct response to increasing rates and the lack of control that businesses feel over electric utility rate increases. The Y2K scare drove many industries to set up back up power systems that were under their control, just in case. So, many facilities have already done some of the planning to be grid free.

What can you do about all of this. Get informed. Find out how solar and wind might work at your house. Use existing tools to calculate what it would take for you to get off the grid. Even if you choose not to make the plunge, like me, you will at least understand your energy appetite and be able to have some control over your own climate change emissions. Here are some sites to get you started with your quest.

For innovations in wind energy see- http://www.getsmartenergy.com/

For help sizing your photovoltaic system see- http://www.realgoodssolar.com/

For help reducing your home energy use see- http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/reduce.html

I like electric utilities, really I do. I’m not ready to do this stuff by myself. I want a team of lineman ready to help get the lights back on after a storm. I want an office of skilled engineers designing a safe and reliable system to keep my home running. What I don’t want is an industry wide arrogance about individual energy choices that assumes central station power generation is the only economical way to go. That may be true today, but tomorrow will be here sooner than many utility executives can imagine.

The Death of the Electric Utility Industry

2007-11-26T14:09:00.000-05:00

"The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated"- Mark Twain.

Like Mark Twain, the US electric utility industry will no doubt be surprised by my predictions that their death is coming soon. This is no apocalyptic prediction and certainly no veiled monkey wrench threat; so, DHS don’t get your knickers in a knot.

What I am talking about is the age old cyclical nature of technology and the natural evolution of things from disbursed to central and back to disbursed again. I am sure entropy is at work in this, or chaos theory or at least a corollary version of my mother’s plea to, “put all your toys in one box”. But, I knew that keeping my toys spread out through the house was more efficient. I could get them quicker and if one broke I didn’t have to go all the way back to the toy box to get a new one.

Hang with me just a little longer this is really cool stuff and what you are about to learn will help you for the rest of your life.

The popular press and media hype about renewable energy versus that bad old kind of energy made from coal and hydrocarbon fuels leads many people to believe that if those greedy bastards at the electric utility company would just use wind and solar instead of coal, our electric bills would drop with green house gas emissions. Then Al Gore could retire and quit using all that jet fuel to travel around the world telling everyone about global climate change.

It must be a fossil fuel baron’s conspiracy keeping the world from clean air and cheap power right? After all the sun shines everywhere and that damned spring wind makes everyone insane part of the year and Wyoming residents crazy all year long. You just have to watch our vice president for awhile to see the proof of that, but I digress.

If you want to call yourself an American, or an Environmentalist or an Industrialist or a true blue techie, you have to know the history of electricity generation. I’m not going to launch into the details of the knock down drag out contest between the Alternating Current philosophies of Thomas Edison and the Direct Current philosophies of Nikola Tesla, but read those links and find out what the limitations where of each system because that same argument is coming back to haunt the electric utility industry.

It’s no secret that distributed distribution (e.g. home light plants and individual municipal electric generation) systems generally went the way of the dinosaur. Efficiencies for power production and air quality have long been assumed to be best with a central location for power production. Why else do you think all of those investor owned, cooperative and municipal utilities got together to power the industrial world from central power plants? Check it out yourself. If you live in or near a city that existed before the 1940’s, I’ll bet you that they had their own, light plant or power plant. When large central station transmission lines came to the neighborhood most of these municipalities dropped their power generation facilities and started buying the bulk of their electricity from a wholesale power supplier. Doing this reduced their costs and their headaches. It also made the air in your city cleaner.

Yet as construction costs, electricity demand, and environmental concerns grow, it will be these big central power suppliers that will disappear like an extinct reptile. No- wait; I like electric utilities, really. Without them we would have all been in the dark and powerless. Yet today, their desperate fight for survival is due to the fact that the big money and the big expense, is still in central station electricity generation. And, it’s the “big expense” part of the equation that spells the death knell for electric power generation as we know it.

Of course the electric utilities argue that alternate energy is not capable of powering our society. They are right and they will continue to be right for another 15 to 50 years or until society changes and that is where it gets interesting. Society is changing and the change is accelerating in a way that will make distributed power generation king again, dethroning King Coal and its entire kingdom. Remember, “The stone age did not end because we ran out of stones and the Oil (fossil fuel) Age will not end because we ran out of Oil (fossil fuels). – Don Huberts, Shell Hydrogen.

My next Blog entry will begin to explain how I think this is going to happen.

Air Permit Denial Threatens to Cost Consumers

2007-10-30T22:33:00.000-04:00

Like the old Chinese curse, " may you live in interesting times", recent events could be on track for a perfect storm for electric utility generation, with electricity consumers caught in the middle and footing the bill as usual.

The convergence of recent US Supreme Court decisions, pending State and Federal government climate change legislation and citizen discussions about global warming put consumers at risk for a deluge of electric rate increases. Add a cold winter, or higher transportation and maintenance costs and the writing is on the wall. For those consumers that believe that current electricity rates are too low and do not reflect the external costs of air pollution created during electricity generation, the recent decision to deny power plant air quality permits in Kansas is a good decision. For those consumers struggling on fixed incomes or tight budgets, the decision may mean electric rates will continue to climb. That could be bad for everyone.

The Background
Tri-State G&T proposed the joint construction of the largest coal-fired power plant in the United States, to be built at the cost of $3.6 billion. The power plant with its two 700-megawatt generators was to be built and financed by several utilities including, Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Sunflower Electric Association, Golden Spread Electric Cooperative, Inc, and Midwest Energy.All four companies are member owned, non-profit cooperative corporations. The first three companies are wholesale power suppliers. Sunflower, organized in 1957, serves six rural electric distribution cooperatives in 34 western Kansas counties. Tri-State, started in 1952, is owned by and serves 44 electric cooperatives across portions of Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico and Wyoming. Golden Spread Electric Cooperative was founded in 1984 and serves 16 distribution cooperatives in Oklahoma and Texas. Midwest Energy serves customers in central and western Kansas.

The new power plants are planned as an expansion to existing power generation facilities owned by Sunflower on their 10,000-acre, 360-megawatt Holcomb Station site. This is located approximately four miles south of Holcomb, Kansas.

The original plan was for Golden Spread, Sunflower, Tri-State and other investors to jointly own the first new 700-megawatt unit. Construction of the first unit was planned to begin in 2007 and be operational in 2012. Golden Spread planed to own 400 megawatts of the unit’s output for supply to its member systems. Sunflower expected to provide up to 150 megawatts to its member systems, and Midwest Energy was in for 75 megawatts. Tri-State planned to own the second 700-megawatt unit, to supply power to its member systems. This unit was projected to be online in 2013, but recent proposals before the denial show Tri-State postponing construction and tying the construction schedule to future load growth.

The Denial
According to an October 18, 2007 Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE), press release concern over carbon dioxide production was the key factor in permit denial. Bolstered by the recent US Supreme Court decision (Massachusetts v. EPA), KHDE Secretary Roderick L. Bremby, stated, "I believe it would be irresponsible to ignore emerging information about the contribution of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to climate change and the potential harm to our environment and health if we do nothing".

Massachusetts v. EPA defined carbon dioxide ( CO2) as an air quality pollutant that should be regulated by the EPA. The 66 page Supreme Court Opinion refers to specific scientific studies and reports documenting the existing and predicted negative impacts from global climate change and ties these changes directly to human activity; specifically the accelerated production of green house gases. Carbon dioxide heads the list of these green house gas emissions.

The EPA defines coal fired electricity generation as the single largest source of CO2 emissions in the USA. Coal fired electricity generation exceeds CO2 emissions from the entire transportation sector.

This permit denial is the first such denial in the nation."We are disappointed with the Secretary's arbitrary and capricious action," said Earl Watkins, Sunflower's president and chief executive officer. Those disappointed with the denial point out the neither the EPA or the State of Kansas include CO2 as a regulated air pollutant. Project partners felt that they had met all environmental and regulatory requirements with their proposal.

This action also changes Sunflower's plans to invest in and advance algae technology that would use carbon dioxide from the power plants. Attempting to address carbon emissions, the project partners completed initial testing for an innovative algae reactor that would use a portion of the carbon dioxide emissions from Holcomb Station to produce biofuels, including ethanol and biodiesel. Funds that would have been earned from the power plant expansion project were expected to be used to finance Sunflower's investment in the commercial algae reactor.

The Next Step
Tri-State's general counsel Ken Reif reported to the G&T's employees, "Naturally we are all disappointed in this action and we are in the process of evaluating our options with Sunflower and our board."
Sunflower’s President and CEO Watkins said, "Politics aside, the 1.5 million cooperative customers still need reliable, low- cost power. We will endeavor to fulfill that mission in the appropriate way, but those customers will be harmed and the economy damaged by the Secretary's decision. Sunflower expects to pursue legal and legislative remedies to this denial."

Talk about Denial
Wholesale power utilities still do not get it. They continue to promote misleading statements regarding global warming or climate change and insist that decisions are being made based on emotion and "politics" rather than science. If it wasn’t for "politics", utilities and consumers would have been paying higher generation rates for decades to account for externalities - pollution etc., caused by fossil fuel electricity generation. Some argue that as soon as electricity becomes expensive enough to be worth saving, energy conservation will finally kick in and become a serious part of demand side management, instead of the token savings that it is inmost homes today.

In any case the Kansas Department of Health and Environment took one of the first steps toward new thinking and new energy solutions. In these interesting times it will be very interesting to see the impact that this permit decision has on other coal fired power plant construction plans across the nation. It will be even be more interesting to see how utilities meet the growing national demand for electricity with limited generation resources and a growing demand for climate change action.
© 2007Mark Daily

RESIDENTIAL ENERGY TAX CREDITS HELP YOU SAVE ENERGY

2007-09-03T20:37:00.000-04:00

If you make certain types of energy efficient improvements to your primary home in 2007, you may be able to apply for tax credits to lower your income tax requirements or increase your income tax return for 2007.

The Energy Policy Act of 2005 and its amendments encourage homeowners and renters to install energy efficient home improvements in three major categories; Residential building envelope improvements; Residential heating system improvements, and; Solar energy system additions.

If you qualify for building envelope improvements, you may be able to take a tax credit of 10% of the cost of your “nonbusiness energy property credit” improvements up to a total of $500. The materials referred to in the IRS general instructions for Form 5695 must be new and permanently installed to last at least five years. These improvements can include insulation materials, exterior windows, exterior doors and storm doors and some metal roofing materials. Labor costs for these improvements eligible for the tax credit.

Heating system improvements or “Residential energy property costs” include certain electric heat pumps, ground source or geothermal heat pumps and other space conditioning equipment. Labor costs are eligible for this tax credit which has the same tax credit eligibility of 10% up to a maximum of $500.

Solar energy tax credits are referred to as the “ Residential Energy Efficient Property Credit”. This credit is limited to 30% of your costs including labor up to a maximum credit of $2,000 for qualifying photovoltaic and solar water heating systems.

This article is not a tax consultant article. To make sure these credits apply to you, talk to your tax consultant, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), or refer to IRS Form 5695. The Energy Star website also has more information.

Eligible improvements must be in place by December 31, 2007 and meet other requirements to qualify, so make sure you check it out before buying your improvements.

© Mark Daily, 2007

Wind Energy Could Be Mainstream Generation Resource Soon

2007-08-21T16:39:00.000-04:00

With over 11,000 megawatts of wind energy on line in the USA and 2,000 of it coming on line in 2006 alone, wind stands to be a major contributor to renewable energy generation.

One of the obstacles to the adoption of wind generation as a major electric energy generation source in the Untied States has been the contention by some in the Utility industry that wind energy must be covered by duplicate dispatchable fixed output generation facilities. This argument has been used to down play the importance and usefulness of wind energy to the growing renewable energy moment. The argument goes like this.

Since the wind can stop blowing at any time, coal or other conventional generation resources must be built simultaneously with wind production facilities, just in case the wind stops blowing. While it maybe true that wind is not as reliable as conventional generation, according to a Utility Wind Integration Group ( UWIG) report entitled, “ Utility Wind Generation State of the Art”, studies confirm that wind generation can stand alone as a generation source without the requirement for fossil fuel back up. The anti wind sentiment also dampened the enthusiasm of utility planners to the acceptance of combined cycle gasification technologies and other advance clean coal and clean fossil fuel technologies because they argued that the extra expense of these unproven technologies was not justified if wind generators could kick in any time the wind was blowing hard enough to cover the demand.

While some of you may see a pattern here ( read conspiracy) I think that utilities justifiably and sincerely are concerned about the impact that wind generators might have on a stable energy grid. Restarting a coal fired plant (50% or more of the USA’s generation fuel) is no easy task. Neither is balancing load requirements with available electricity generation facilities. While some may retort that this is not rocket science, I think its pretty close. Keep in mind that terribly expensive things happen to utilities when there is not enough power available to cover the demand from millions of independent homes and businesses. Every kilowatt hour sent to your house or business comes from a system that plans ahead for your equipment to come on even when you haven’t told anyone that you have the equipment.

Utilities have developed sophisticated computer models that use weather forecasts, seasonal business cycle histories and historic residential demand data for the average home in their service area. They are prepared to turn on, ramp up and stoke up generation facilities or turn off, ramp down or slow down every generator in the USA every thirty minutes to an hour 24 hours a day 365 days per year. Just to keep us in “cold beer and toast”, as Amory Lovins says. I think it’s a bit more serious than just cold beer and toast, but a surprising amount of energy is wasted every year.

The UWIG report acknowledges that Wind Generators are a different type of generator but assure planners that wind generation can fit into the existing electricity generation system nationwide, with the proper planning, design and integration.

Electric energy dispatchers rely heavily on weather forecaster’s temperature predictions for scheduling their power delivery. The UWIG report says that weather forecasters are 80% effect at predicting wind speeds and durations. This additional weather data can go a long way towards making wind generators as reliable, predicable and dispatch able as fossil fuel generators.

Recent policy approvals for amendments to the National Energy Policy Act of 2005 lend new support for renewable energy initiatives. This could be the perfect storm that renewable energy needs to get a little help out there. The coal, nuclear and oil industries have subsidies and federal support that has been in place for decades. Now is the time to lend that same support to renewable energy by supporting Renewable Electricity Standards.

California, New Mexico, Minnesota, Oregon, and Colorado – have or are implementing Renewable Portfolio Standards of 20 percent or more. Now is the time to take it nation wide. Contact your congress person today.

What are your energy questions these days? Drop me a note and I'll try to cover your question in a future blog.

© Mark Daily 2007

Wind Energy Could Be Mainstream Generation Resource Soon

2007-08-13T16:14:00.000-04:00

With over 11,000 megawatts of wind energy on line in the USA and 2,000 of it coming on line in 2006 alone, wind stands to be a major contributor to renewable energy generation.

One of the obstacles to the adoption of wind generation as a major electric energy generation source in the Untied States has been the contention by some in the Utility industry that wind energy must be covered by duplicate dispatchable fixed output generation facilities. This argument has been used to down play the importance and usefulness of wind energy to the growing renewable energy moment. The argument goes like this.

Since the wind can stop blowing at any time, coal or other conventional generation resources must be built simultaneously with wind production facilities, just in case the wind stops blowing. While it maybe true that wind is not as reliable as conventional generation, according to a Utility Wind Integration Group ( UWIG) report entitled, " Utility Wind Generation State of the Art", studies confirm that wind generation can stand alone as a generation source without the requirement for fossil fuel back up.

The anti wind sentiment also dampened the enthusiasm of utility planners to the acceptance of combined cycle gasification technologies and other advance clean coal and clean fossil fuel technologies because they argued that the extra expense of these unproven technologies was not justified if wind generators could kick in any time the wind was blowing hard enough to cover the demand.

While some of you may see a pattern here ( read conspiracy) I think that utilities justifiably and sincerely are concerned about the impact that wind generators might have on a stable energy grid. Restarting a coal fired plant (50% or more of the USA’s generation fuel) is no easy task. Neither is balancing load requirements with available electricity generation facilities. While some may retort that this is not rocket science, I think its pretty close. Keep in mind that terribly expensive things happen to utilities when there is not enough power available to cover the demand from millions of independent homes and businesses. Every kilowatt hour sent to your house or business comes from a system that plans ahead for your equipment to come on even when you haven’t told anyone that you have the equipment.

Utilities have developed suffisticated computer models that use weather forecasts, seasonal business cycle histories and historic residential demand data for the average home in their service area. They are prepared to turn on, ramp up and stoke up generation facilities or turn off, ramp down or slow down every generator in the USA every thirty minutes to an hour, 24 hours a day 365 days per year. Just to keep us in cold beer and toast. Well, I guess it is more than just cold beer and toast.

The UWIG report acknowledges that Wind Generators are a different type of generator but assure planners that wind generation can fit into the existing electricity generation system nationwide, with the proper planning, design and integration.

Electric energy dispatchers rely heavily on weather forecaster’s temperature predictions for scheduling their power delivery. The UWIG report says that weather forecasters are 80% effect at predicting wind speeds and durations. This additional weather data can go a long way towards making wind generators as reliable, predicable and dispatch able as fossil fuel generators.

Recent policy approvals for amendments to the National Energy Policy Act of 2005 lend new support for renewable energy initiatives. This could be the perfect storm that renewable energy needs to get a little help out there. The coal, nuclear and oil industries have subsidies and federal support that has been in place for decades. Now is the time to lend that same support to renewable energy by supporting Renewable Electricity Standards.

Over twenty states including,California, New Mexico, Minnesota, Oregon, and Colorado – have or are implementing Renewable Portfolio Standards of 20 percent or more. Now is the time to take it nation wide.

Have you contacted your legislators to show support for Renewable Energy Standards? I'd like to hear from you one way or the other about this. What are your thoughts on the subject?

© Mark Daily 2007

Here is What you Need to do to lower Your Electricity Demand

2007-07-20T17:02:00.000-04:00

Rates are going to continue going up. And, we are responding just like the late comedian Jack Benny in one of his most popular skits. When confronted by a mugger’s demand, "your money or your life". The crowd bursts into laughter when, after a long pause the mugger shoves the gun in Jack’s face, and the notoriously stingy comedian responds, " I’m thinking, I’m thinking".

While each of us as electricity consumers have direct control over our electric bills, as rates continue to rise other choices for how we spend our money become more and more obvious. But, when faced with the choice of spending money on more insulation to cut our air conditioning bills by as much as 10% ; or managing our use of heating and air conditioning energy, we continue to send our money to the utilities instead of taking action. " I’m thinking , I’m thinking". Yet , no one thinks that this is funny. In fact tempers flare as rates climb and consumers almost uniformly blame the utility that supplies their electricity.

Electric Utilities, unlike oil and gas companies, are not making record profits. In fact, some utilities have been brought to the brink of disaster with artificially suppressed rates that came in with state laws adopting deregulation. As these caps come off, its no wonder that rates are climbing. You have to ask yourself, have my fuel costs gone up in the last few years? Of course they have. And, utility fuel costs have also gone up. Electricity as we know it today requires fuel, coal, oil, natural gas, uranium. Increase fuel prices and presto, increased electric rates.
One other factor causing rates to rise is our consumer demand. This demand is outstripping the capacity of existing electricity generation facilities. When this happens, utilities have two choices, turn off the power when demand exceeds supply or make more supply. Making more supply requires new construction and new construction of any kind is expensive. Just ask anyone that has done any major home remodeling lately.

We as consumers have a third choice that puts us in control of our own homes and businesses. We can conserve energy, turn it off, turn it down, get more efficient appliances, get smarter about how and when we use electricity. Of course this is hard work and it is lots easier to repeat, "I’m thinking, I’m thinking".

Many electricity users mistakenly think that if utilities just switched to free power from the sun or wind that their bills would go down. While the US is leading the way in wind power development the magnitude of the demand exceeds what wind and solar power can do to keep up. This has the potential to change, but not without our help. Energy Conservation is the key to reducing demand and the key to making today’s home more able to use the limited amount of power output coming from renewable resources.

So unless you love your electric bill, here’s is what you need to do.
Step One- Find out how much you pay for electricity. What do you pay per kilo-Watt hour
( kWh)? If you don’t know the answer to this question off the top of your head then you are not prepared to deal with the other numbers you need to know to save the world and your money.

2) Get a Kill-a-watt meter or some other device to learn about how much energy your appliances are using. You need to know what contributes to your electric bill. Is it really air-conditioning or is it that old refrigerator? Is it the electric dryer or your stereo system? Some appliance are not easy to sample with a plug I meter and you may have to settle for estimates based on the time it runs and the appliance energy rating. Do your home work and get an answer that you think make sense for every electricity using device in your house that’s lighting, heating, cooling, refrigerating, pumping, entertaining or just sitting there humming.

3) Start shopping around for choices. There are lots of different choices to make so keep going until you are sure you have some reasonably energy efficient choices. You don’t have to rush out and buy them all today, but as they break down, or your needs change, consider energy star and other energy efficiency rated equipment.

Stop thinking, start doing.
"We have meet the enemy, and he is us". Pogo

Top Ten things you can do to save electricity and lower your bill this summer

2007-07-09T13:36:00.000-04:00

1.Set your air conditioning system no lower than 80 degrees. If you aren’t comfortable at this temperature you probably need to loose weight.

2. Loose weight. By keeping your refrigerator door closed you are saving money and losing weight which could reduce your air conditioning costs (see #1).

3. Replace incandescent bulbs with compact florescent bulbs. These bulbs last ten times longer and use a quarter of the power for the same amount of light and they give off less heat so you don’t need so much air conditioning.

4. Use or install a ceiling fan and use it in the mornings or cooler times of day instead of turning on the air conditioning. Ceiling fans use a fraction of the electricity that air conditioning uses.

5. Cook outside on the grill or make more microwave meals. Electric and gas ovens and ranges not only take energy, they heat up the house, requiring more AC. Microwave cooking gives off less heat and uses about two-thirds less energy than electric stove top or oven cooking.

6. Install a programable thermostat for your air conditioning system. Program your new thermostat or find the directions to your old one and set the temperature to 80 degrees when you are in the house and 85 when you are gone. This will save you 5% off the air conditioning part of your electric bill.

7. Dry your laundry outside instead of using the dryer. You can knock off $5 to $15 dollars of ourbill just by getting you and your laundry out of the house for a little.

8. Keep the window blinds or shades down on east, west and south facing windows. These windows pick up a lot of heat from the direct sun pouring in unless your eaves or awnings are designed to keep direct sun off your windows. You will save a lot off your air conditioning bill by doing this one.

9. Put entertainment appliances, Televisions, CD players etc. on a light stick or plug bar and switch everything off when you aren’t right there watching or listening. Some electronic equipment, especially electronic equipment that uses a remote control, is always ON even when you think its off.

10. Get a little Kill-A-Watt meter that you can plug into learn the energy appetite of all your appliances and equipment. The key to reducing summer utility bills is knowledge. Find out what uses what at your house, everyone is different.

The best, cheapest and most renewable electricty around is the electricity that you don't use at all.
© Mark Daily

Time to take Action for Renewable Electric Energy Generation

2007-07-04T11:11:00.000-04:00

I’ve seen it before. Last week I saw it again. It was a bumper sticker that said, "If you’re not really pissed off, you are just not paying attention".

June 21st must have been the longest day for the US Senate. On solstice day they passed a version of the new national energy policy that will no doubt anger anyone that is paying attention, except those that believe that the American Auto industry is on the right track.
The highlights of this legislation regarding electric energy and electricity generation are, that two key provisions failed to get into the final version. The $32.1 billion alternative energy tax package got the boot and so did nation wide renewable energy portfolio standards.

Mired down in the gasoline controversy of CAFÉ standards and oil industry subsidies, the Senate had no strength to include these progressive and important issues in the final piece of legislation. The only glimmer of hope for reducing the nation’s non-renewable electric energy appetite were the changes proposed in lighting and appliance standards.

The oil and coal industries killed the Alternative Energy tax subsidies because an increase in Alternative Energy subsides was to be funded by reductions in fossil fuel industry subsidies. The electric industry killed the renewable energy portfolio standards for various reasons. Some argued that they did it to avoid a change in their cozy relationship with the fossil fuel industry - coal mining and natural gas development. Others argued that belectric utilities killed it simply because they didn’t want to change they way that they have done things since the 1930's.
Of course they say the electric utility industry killed it because the system is working the way it is and there is no need to change. Utility executives go on to argue that there is no need to change a system that continues to bring relatively cheap and reliable energy to a growing demand for electricity. They claim, I think rightfully so, that consumers do not want to see drastic increases in their electric bills. Yet the rates can’t help but continue to climb as scarcity principles dictate.

Which argument is correct? Frankly, I am so sick of the way business is conducted in this country that I can’t really think objectively about it and there is the real problem. Analysis paralysis has gripped all of us. We can no longer, if we ever could really , trust the accuracy of the information that we get to make our informed opinions...well ...informed. Absent this assurance that we are getting the facts that matter, it is no wonder that most of the population continues to keep living the way they always have; driving more road miles every year regardless of price and environmental damage; using increasing amounts of electricity regardless of price and environmental damage.

So what will this new legislation do to help us be smarter and make better use of the energy that we all agree is disappearing and getting more expensive? Wading through 464 pages of legislation to find out is hard work.

Those of us that can’t stand to read through all of that, should simply contact their elected representatives and tell them you want them to vote to take away the oil and coal industry subsidies that have been in place for decades and give those subsidies to the new guys and the little guys- the solar, wind, and energy conservation industries. It’s the fair thing to do. Don’t give it to the bio-fuels industry. Creating Bio fuels takes more regular fuel to make than the bio-fuel it produces. There is no objective study that says otherwise. Why would we want to support legislation that makes us run out of gasoline faster? I know, Ed Abbey claimed he drove a Cadillac just to hasten the end of the fossil fuel era. So now Governors and the rest think we could be saving the world by driving more metal. Are you paying attention?

If you want more renewable energy used to generate your electricity, if you want the future to harness, clean and renewable technologies instead of replacing one destructive fuel with a different destructive fuel, we must all take action.

Come on, make that call.

Chicago Green Fest Addresses Electricity Generation

2007-04-23T12:27:00.000-04:00

The first ever Spring Green Festival hosted by Co-op America just wrapped up Sunday, April 22. Judging by the elbow to elbow crowds shuffling by the endless rows of green products and the standing room only attendance at most of the presentations by "green" speakers, I’d say the event was a success. Held at the McCormick Place convention center in downtown Chicago, Chicagoans and a few misplaced green people from across the nation turned out to support the event and learn more about green living.

Of course, unless you are a frog, you can’t be green without some consideration to the source of power that runs your home and your computer and lets you keep up with blogs about green things.

Alisa Gravits, executive director for Co-op America talked about their 12 step program. What is it about 12 steps? Can’t we do anything without 12 steps? Gez. Anyway, Alisa laid out the 12 steps that we all need to take according to her, to save the world. Well, now that you put it that way, if we can save the world in just twelve steps , why not give it a try. Alisa’s presentation on April 21st in Chicago had a few changes to the 12 steps posted on their website, but five out of the twelve steps on both lists deal with electric energy production.

Step 6- Increase Solar Energy capacity by 700 times what it is today. Since solar or photovoltaic electricity production is estimated to be less than .05 % of today’s electricity generation mix, this will be a big step. The biggest step here includes changes in lifestyles. As the old saying about successful marriage goes, "low expectations" will be the key here. Business, homeowners and renters will have to build their awareness and skill at reducing energy use. As one speaker gleefully noted in another session, "its like tax free savings".While the Solar cheerleaders brag about the Navajo Nation’s emergence into the 21st century due to solar energy, the difference between a 1,000 square foot hogan and the rest of the housing market is substantial. It’s a good thing that Co-op America plans to take 40 years to get there. One benefit of attending the Green Festival was that solar vendors did a good job demonstrating that solar energy can make a contribution to house hold energy demands in almost every part of the nation. They displayed many examples of homes in the Midwest that where using net metering and going solar, proving that solar energy is not just a sun belt phenomenon.

Step 7 - Increase wind power by 75 times current output. This is also a big one. Questions about interfacing, scheduling and dispatch-ability, still haunt this option. Is the wind blowing hard enough to make money, or just annoy the locals. What fills in the blanks on the quiet days and how will it be scheduled? The utility industry rightfully worries that winds reputation for functioning at a 25% reliability factor does not meet the industry standards for reliability that are now enforced by FERC. Will broad adoption of wind energy even out these load supply problems? Only time will tell, but for now, utilities will still feel that they must meet demand with base load generation that is in the 85 to 95 percent reliability range. So far wind can’t do that. This means that customers maybe paying for duplicate facilities every time new wind generation facilities come on line.

Steps 8 and 9 - Phase out coal fired power plants altogether and Replace 1,400 coal plants with natural gas fired plants. Alisa implied that this option could be done by converting existing plants to natural gas fired facilities. Aside from the engineering issues, I thought we were running out of natural gas. Natural gas price increases have nearly doubled in the last five years and increases are still predicted for the future. During her presentation Alisa was very emphatic about the nation being able to do this for as little as "an extra 1 cent increase" at the retail level. She said we must resist the "scare tactics" and "foot stomping" from the utility industry. She may be right, but expect some foot stomping anyway. Most utilities are predicting annual rate increases in the 4 to 10 percent range all across the nation. A four to ten percent increase on 8 cents/kWh means rates will rise $0.0032 to $0.004. While this sounds easy enough to take, remember that doing this every year for the next ten years means that your rates will be three point two to four cents more per kWh. This sounds like a small price to pay to save the world, yet the electric utility industry will still complain. Why? Because they really believe that all the customer wants is the cheapest electricity possible. And, for most of the nation they will be right, unless we can all change our attitudes about the cost of electricity.

Step 10 - Increase Coal plant Efficiency from 32% to 60 %- Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)generation maybe able to do just that. Yet the utility industry still worries that this is an unproven technology. Today, they are right. Despite the hype, only three IGCC plants are providing commercial production today. While the environmental advocates decry the utility foot dragging on this issue, the fact is that very few of us drive experimental automobiles and even fewer fly experimental aircraft. There is of course a logical reason for this that has not been lost on utility executives and investors across the nation.

All in all I had a great time at the first Annual Chicago Green Festival and I hope they do it again. Its nice being surrounded by like minded people expressing support for causes that are important to the long term health of the earth and humankind. If my late father in law had witnessed this gathering, he would have said, "Jesus, do all these people vote?". Sadly, I would guess not.

Supreme Court Message Makes Energy Conservation Hit Home

2007-04-04T12:07:00.000-04:00

by Mark Daily

If the recent US Supreme Court decision on CO2 and Greenhouse gas regulation is as serious as everyone says it is, energy conservation just got a huge boost. Sarah Kessinger, writing for the Harris News Service reports that the April 3rd US Supreme Court decision labeling CO2 as an air quality component will have long term planning and financial impacts on the members of the Sunflower Generation and Transmission Cooperative. That could be the understatement of the year. This impact will be felt by all generation and transmission companies as well as distribution utilities across the nation.

While several states including California and Vermont have passed laws regulating CO2 and other green house gaze emissions, the EPA and most states have refused to accept that these gases should be a part of air quality regulation. Now the verdict is in. By a 5-4 vote the US Supreme Court majority opinion from Justice Stevens says, "Under the clear terms of the Clean Air Act, EPA can avoid taking further action only if it determines that greenhouse gases do not contribute to climate change or if it provides some reasonable explanation as to why it cannot or will not exercise its discretion to determine whether they do."

The auto industry tipped the feds hand by challenging several states regulation of automobile emissions and CAFÉ mileage standards. Reminds me of the old saying, “ be careful what you ask for, you might just get it”. While the next move is clearly the EPA’s, executives in the electric utility industry as well as the auto industry are noticeably shaken by the ruling. With over 200 coal fired power plants on the drawing boards or in the regulatory and planning pipeline, the implications are that any company producing CO2 or any of the identified green house gases must now factor in new costs. These costs will certainly expand from energy conservation and demand side management programs to carbon sequestration, carbon taxes and power plant system modifications. For the nation as a whole and for consumers specifically, this means utility bills are going up.

Some expect the increase to hit pocket books gradually as new regulations trickle into efinto effect. Others worry that the 5-4 ruling will have an immediate impact on financing for investments and construction throughout all industries related to fossil fuels. Amory Lovin’s "Negawatt" campaign may finally get that push over the top to make energy conservation and energy management the mainstream tools saving corporate as well as home owner budgets.
So, now, what will you do? Will you get that energy audit now, or wait until your rates climb faster than today. Have your rates gone up? Do you know for sure? Why not? Experts estimate that simply becoming more aware of your home energy use will knock off 4% from your bill. So, you don’t necessarily have to buy anything. All you have to do is read, decide and act. Well, of course its not that easy is it? Otherwise we would have all done it already. The best and cheapest way to reduce greenhouse gas and CO2 production is to avoid energy use. The only way to avoid energy use is to turn whatever it is that is using energy off or find similar equipment that uses less energy. There really are no other answers, no magic boxes or potions. Reducing CO2 and green house gas production requires action. Since we as a nation tend to avoid difficult decisions until failing to act becomes more expensive than acting, this will be a difficult time for everyone.

My advice is to get smart fast. Find out what eats energy at your house. You don’t have to make changes or take action or buy new appliances or burn down your house. Just, start learning about your home’s energy appetite. Find out how many kilowatt hours (kWh) hours per month and per year are used at your house. If you use gas, find out how many gallons of propane or therms or CCF’s of natural gas your house uses. Call your utility company if you don’t keep your own records. Utility companies always keep the last six months of energy use data and many of them keep longer records. Home energy auditors typically check out the last three years of energy use data before they make their report. So, try to find three years worth of data. You look at three years of data to smooth out mistakes in management (e.g. someone left the heater on and the windows open during spring break vacation last year) or unusually cold or hot seasonal temperatures. Convert your three years of data into monthly averages. This then, becomes your performance yard stick.

Now with your total average monthly electricity and gas use numbers in hand find out what appliances and equipment eat that energy. Go room by room and make an energy use inventory. List gas appliances as well as electricity using appliances. Start in the kitchen since that usually makes the longest list of energy using devices. Then hit the laundry or utility room, to get the water and space heating equipment. Then inventory the main living or family room where all of the gadgets and entertainment equipment live. Now you are almost home free. Bedrooms and bathrooms generally don’t have much to list .

Get everything. If you have a six bulb vanity light in the master bathroom check to see if all six bulbs are the same wattage and list the total watts for that appliance. Don’t worry about how much total monthly energy these pieces of equipment use just yet. Simply make a list. Why just the list? Two reasons. Figuring out how much energy things use per month can be a real pain in the neck and you don’t want to give up before you make a list of everything in the house, and you can use the same list for your insurance company if you ever have to prove what was stolen or burned up.

Once you have your list, find a comfortable chair with good lighting, grab a calculator and put on about two hours worth of your favorite music. Hey, if this was easy we would have done it during the last rate increase.

Now you have to figure out how long each piece of equipment is on in a typical month. I actually like to do this on a computer spreadsheet, even though it uses energy, just because I like to play with the numbers. I like to see what might happen if I changed every 100 watt incandescent bulb in the house to a comparable light output 25 watt compact fluorescent bulb. Or, check to see how much difference it makes if the kids watch one hour of TV instead of twenty - things like that.

Lots of equipment goes on and off without you doing anything. It is hard to estimate costs for some of these appliances. Web sites offer handy averages for a family of four or "typical" energy use figures for many of these standard appliances. Refrigeration, water wells, computer equipment, heating systems, and water heaters are just some of the more challenging appliances to quantify.

So, now add them up. If your total electricity or gas use is more than ten percent off your totals, look at your list again and see if you made any obvious mistakes, like forgetting to convert watts to kilowatts or minutes to hours. If you used a spreadsheet, you can sort by your estimated kWh, gallons, or CCF to get the big users at the head of the list. See if you agree. If that closet light bulb that is never on, ends up at the top of the list, see what you did wrong, fix it and re-sort. Keep going like this until you are in that 10 percent range. If you still aren’t there, look at those appliance for which you used national averages. If those averages are for a family of four and its just you and your cat, cut those numbers down by three quarters. If you used average family of four numbers and you live with all of your relatives in the same house, do a head count and adjust the family of four numbers to make sense to your situation. Now, look at the total again. You should be close.

I have been in hundreds of homes and always came up with an inventory number that fits the energy bill records in a way agreeable to the home owner. So, keep trying.

The reward is that you now have a feel for what you really pay for in energy use. Now you can start making informed management decisions about your house and how you use energy.

Maybe you can quit yelling at the kids to turn the lights off and start yelling at your spouse to quit turning up the heat. Or, maybe you don’t really need to keep your Arc Welder on stand buy to make that quick repair. Do you have something like a hot tub or a engine block heater or a stock tank heater that could be put on a timer? Now you can estimate your savings for every hour that you keep something off.

Don’t forget to check out your building's insulation package. Insulation levels, window and door quality and weatherstripping all determine how many hours your heater runs. The DOE recently announced grants available for weatherizing your home.

If you can’t stand the thought of your neighbors accusing you of being green or a liberal, you can defend your actions under recent homeland security issues. Or, maybe you can say you are supporting the troops by trying to avoid foreign wars over energy. It really doesn’t matter what your political or religious convictions are, the money you save could go towards anything you like, you get to chose. But, if you don’t do anything, the US Supreme Court decision means that more and more of your hard earned money is going to utility companies.

Electricity Power Generation Is Not Cheaper at Night

2007-03-22T16:52:00.000-04:00

Let me say this again. Electricity Generation is NOT cheaper at night. It doesn’t matter who tells you that it is. Let me say it again. Electricity is not cheaper at night. Yet, this lie continues to be passed around as fact. As one current administration has found, the way to make a lie true, is just to keep repeating the lie over and over again. So this lie is now fact.

The March 20th, 2007 "Backstory" of the Christian Science Monitor picked up and repeated this often heard lie as though it were true. You would think that a prestigious newspaper like the Monitor would do some fact checking, but the myth that they repeated has become so prevalent that the true story I am about to relate to you may seem hard to believe. Honest it is true, I was there.

The repeated lie was blurted out in an otherwise inspiring article about electric cars and their ability to reduce harmful emissions as well as reduce owner operating costs by charging batteries at night. Correspondent Frank Kosa wrote, " Cars are usually charged at night when electricity is cheapest". His statement is only true for those customers that sign up for special rates with Southern California Edison which serves the Santa Monica California area.

Here is the true story. It happened when I used to work for an electric utility. One of my customer service representatives buzzed me on the intercom one afternoon saying she had an angry customer on the phone demanding to speak to a manager about their electric bill. Since I was the employee’s supervisor, it was my job to work with the angry customer. I took a deep breath, consulted my handy wallet size helper " How to deal with angry customers" and pushed the phone button. " I am being ripped off by you people and I want you to make an adjustment on my bill", the angry voice shouted through the phone.

Step One, left the customer speak. He continued, "I read in the paper where its cheaper to use electricity at night and exactly thirty days before the end date of this bill, I started making sure that all of my electricity was used during those hours posted in the paper for night time rates". And , the voice said with a quick gasp for air, "my bill was just the same this month as it has always been. You need to do something".

Step Two - Make sure you really understand the details. "So", I said calmly. "I can tell that you are really upset. Just let me ask you a few questions to make sure that I really understand your situation". " For over thirty days you made sure that you used electricity only between the night time hours by turning off your breakers and equipment during the day. After doing this you expected your electric bill to go down, is that correct?" "Your damned right", he jumped back.

"OK. I understand", I assured him. "When our customer service representative told me that you were on the line, I pulled up your billing record and I can see that you are right, your bill really is about the same as it was last month". "I also see that you are on our general service residential rate".

I went on to explain that our general service electric rate, like most every residential rate in the nation, charged the same amount per kilowatt hour (kWh) no matter which time of day he used electricity. I continued to explain that in order to get cheaper rates at night the customer needed to sign up for a special Time of Use or Off Peak Rate and have a special residential meter installed that could keep track of when electricity was being used at his location.

So for all of you that have been watching the clock and maddly flipping power switches on or off at appointed times please stop and make sure that your efforts will be rewarded. It is not and never has been a matter of just using the juice at night. If you are not on a time of use or off peak rate you are wasting your time. Here is how it works, more or less.

Electric Utility Transmission and Generation Companies (G&T’s) or wholesale power suppliers, gain incredible efficiencies and therefore save big bucks when they can keep their power generation plants running at a constant medium speed. If they have to ramp things down for low load periods they loose money. Like wise, when they have to ramp things up or buy spot market generation to meet higher than expected loads they also loose money.

Steady as she goes provides the optimal operating cost environment when it comes to power generation. The problem is, that is not how we use electricity. When you look at your utility’s line graph of power or kilowatt hour (kWh) sales in 24 hour increments, you will always see ups and downs. And, if you compare consecutive 24 hour periods you will see a pattern of energy use that generally repeats itself day after day all year long. There may be some changes seasonally in cold or hot climates but even those peaks and valleys have a pattern. How else do you think the G&T’s know how much coal or gas to buy and when to pour it on the fire? Utility executives call this dispatch-able power.

This is one reason that many utilities seem opposed to Renewable power generation facilities connected to their systems. They are never real sure when the wind will blow. And, they are pretty sure that the solar panels will go down with the sun, just when they need that evening peak power as you get home from work. That’s why they call these two renewable energy sources non-dispatch-able.

G&T’s usually bill their distribution companies, that’s the folks you buy your power from, two ways. They bill on the total kilowatt hours used during the billing period, called total kWh or "energy". And, they bill on the highest peak energy of Kilowatt demand for the month , called Peak KW or "demand". That peak demand almost always occurs during the same time as the daily peaks for energy use that season. So, if your utlitity can shave the size of the KW peak at that time, they save money. As an insentive to get their customers to help them shave that peak, they offer Time of Use or Off peak rates hoping that you will sign up and help them cut their power bill. If it works they can pass the savings on to you.

But, BIG BUT, you have to sign up for the rate. These are special rates and you need to sign up for two reasons. One, you will need a more sophisticated and expensive meter that can document the kWh used during the Off Peak time as well as the kWh used during the On Peak time. Sometimes this means you must pay a higher minimum monthly service charge so don’t forget to factor that into your calculations. Two, you probably need to agree to pay a penalty or higher rate for kWh used during the On peak time. If they don’t offer a real incentive to get you to use your power Off Peak, why bother?

For example in Santa Monica Southern Cal Edison has a Time of Use rate for homes where most electricity is used between 6:00 PM and 10:00 AM. Other utilities may offer two off peak times during the day depending on their daily load profile. Southern Cal Edison also offers a special rate for electric vehicles for homes where qualifying electric vehicles are charged..
Customers that have automated equipment to turn their equipment on and off have lower bills than customers that try to match the Off Peak times on their own manually. People forget or get sick or take holidays. Programmed time clocks and equipment are well worth the expense if your lifestyle can handle the restrictions of your local utility’s special rates. The best thing to do is call and talk to them about your plans ahead of time. Make sure that your hard work and money will be rewarded with real cost savings on your utility bill.

I repeat "electricity is not cheaper at night", unless your utlity has a special rate and you and your house are signed up for it.

Is Your Electricity Subsidized?

2007-03-09T13:42:00.000-05:00

While the term "subsidy" has taken on derogatory implications, the fact is that in spite of our so called free market economy, most of the things we buy, including electricity have some financial help from Uncle Sam. It may be a simple adjustment in federal taxes or tax credits available for certain industries, it may be federal funding of research and development, it maybe discounted loan programs. What ever it is, from automobiles to grapefruit, there is something that someone can call a "Subsidy". Investor owned utilities(IOU’s), municipal owned utilities (MUNI’s), and member owned utilities (COOPS) all get subsidized in some way. So, get over it.

The question you should ask is not who gets a subsidy , but rather who benefits from the subsidy and do those subsidies support industries that are good for the long term health of the nation and the World? In the case of electricity generation, they do, if you believe that price is all that matters. Our electric rates nation wide would be higher, maybe much higher, if it were not for the maze of tax incentives and benefits available to those making electricity.

Our collective sense of things is that the big guys, king coal, nuclear power and natural gas get bigger subsidies then the little guys like wind, solar, energy conservation and bio fuels. And, if you thought that, you, would be right. In a year 2000 Federal Report (Number SR/OIAF/2000-02 http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/subsidy1/index.html ); the numbers show that in 1999 base load generation from fossil fuels was supported 2.2 times more than energy conservation and 15.35 times more than renewable technologies.

According to the executive summary of the 2000 report, "Federal subsidies for transformation and end-use activities are estimated to be $2.2 billion in fiscal year 1999, a decline of about 10 percent in real terms from the total found for similar items in fiscal year 1992 (Table ES1 and Figure ES1).execsummary_fnotes.htmlIt is estimated that direct subsidies--the sum of direct expenditures and tax expenditures--totaled $1.8 billion in fiscal year 1999, of which direct expenditures totaled $1.4 billion. R&D subsidies accounted for the remainder, just over $0.45 billion."

The 2005 Energy Act promises to promote energy conservation and renewables, yet so far the amount of support and subsidy still weighs in heavier for coal(big emphasis on clean coal technologies) and nuclear energy than it does for conservation and renewables.
Meeting the electric energy needs of this nation will require subsidies on a more even playing field that will help fledgling industries compete against the old timers decades of federal support. Clean coal, safe nuclear generation, hydro- electric production, and renewables must all be evaluated for the contribution that they can make to meet the needs without creating long lasting environmental programs. But, this wont be cheap.
Residential electricity rates across the nation have increased faster than the Consumer Price Index for many years.
Consumer Price Index Increase - All Urban Areas
2003 -1.9%
2004 -3.3%
2005 - 3.4%
2006 - 2.5%
Four Year Annual Avg
2.8%
US Department of Labor Statistics ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt

Average Retail Price of Electricity to Consumer
Year Cents/kWh Percent increase
2003 8.72 3.32%
2004 8.98 2.98%
2005 9.46 5.35%
2006 10.46 10.57%
Four Year Annual Avg.
5.55%
Source: Energy Information Administration http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epat7p4.html#_ftn2

Get used to rising rates. There is no way we can move into an era of less dependence on fossil fuels without paying more at the meter.

Recent claims of victory by environmental groups over the apparent retreat of TXU investors over plans to build 11 new coal generation facilities, could be hollow chest thumping, if other generation sources don’t surface to meet the need. Sure, TXU may have over-estimated load growth, just to look like good guys when they agreed to stop plans for 8 coal plants, but some day load will exceed supply if current trends continue.

Changing the paltry contribution of renewables to the nation’s generation fuel mix will take a lot more than chasing off coal plant investors.

Electricity Generation Requires a New Way to Talk and Listen

2007-02-22T12:17:00.000-05:00

We could save the Universe if we just learned how to talk to each other. In 2002 Adam Kahane wrote a wonderful article called "Changing the World by Changing How We Talk and Listen". Mr. Kahane lays out a compelling argument for why so many of our most complicated world problems never get solved. Not only do they never get solved, but some problems never seem to change. The vitriolic arguments use the same words and phrases over and over again until all sides are red in the face with frustration. While his article draws from his experience mediating factions during the Guatamala’s peace vision, his principles apply well to any area of conflict. He clearly shows why frustration grows and how to resolve it.

Today frustration is growing in the great debate about how to power our modern society. And, this debate is now officially mainstream as of last night. Last night I saw a REMAX Real Estate television commercial with a sharp looking couple cheerfully telling their wonderful REMAX real estate agent that they wanted a home powered by solar and wind energy and maybe even bio- gases. Then the mythical wife wrinkles her nose as pictures of dairy cows swirl by while she says, "Well, maybe not methane gas".

Living technicolor proof that what Carl Sagan said long ago is true now more than ever. "We live in a society exquisitely dependent on science and technology, in which hardly anyone knows anything about science and technology."

One solution may be to follow Adam Kahane’s prescription for talking and listening. He claims that there are "four distinct conversational modes". Every discussion, whether it focuses on how to stop the genocide of pregnant women stacked like cord wood in a mass grave or how to create electric energy reliability without green house gases, must go through each of these four distinct conversational modes. These modes are "Downloading, Debating, Reflective Dialogue and Generative Dialogue". No long term solutions to any serious problems have ever occurred without the stake holders or effected players getting together and working through all four of these modes in order. You can’t skip any of the steps and you can’t change the order of the progression without destroying trust. And trust, is the foundation of any problem’s solution. It can only be obtained if each mode is played out in order.

Today the electric industry, environmental groups, and your average electricity customer are stuck somewhere between Downloading and Debating. Downloading occurs when stakeholders repeat facts about their solution over and over again. They list the reasons their special solution is the only answer to the problem and they repeatedly dismiss anyone else’s solution as unrealistic. In our current debate, this is why utility executives fight tooth and toe nail against renewable portfolio standards and why environmental groups continually deride, coal, nuclear and large hydro power projects. Downloading keeps everyone stuck in a constant shouting match about potential solutions while one side accuses the other side of not understanding the real problem and not have the sense or vision to propose a real world solution. While we must go through this part of the discussion, Downloading offers nothing new. All sides get stuck in their own self confidence believing they have the solution while belittling other solutions. We don’t need more facts about fuels. We need to go beyond downloading facts to come up with a radical new solution. This is not an argument to wait until technology saves us with a magic energy pill. It is a plea for us to get the objective facts on the table and move to the next step.

Downloading "facts" as both sides see it, sets up the second mode of communication - Debating. Here we see more of what "is" but offer no new solutions to the problem. We talk about more coal or add the concept of clean coal. We talk about more solar and add Concentrating Solar Power. We throw acronyms around like CSP and IGCC. The discussion logjams into talking heads and dueling experts with the consumer shaking their heads in disgust as they head for the fridge for another cold beer. Debating fosters winners and losers, without getting to the real understanding of other solutions or the role of all solutions in solving the problem. This won’t happen until debating ends and understanding begins to dawn on all of the players.

This is where Reflective dialogue comes into play. It’s the light bulb going on when the person realizes," Oh yeah, I see now that a photovoltaic system will not meet my energy needs if I continue to demand this level of power". Or, it’s the utility executive that really begins to see that some of his customers are bailing from central station grids, changing their life styles to allow small scale wind and solar systems to meet their energy needs. Its making realistic assessments about the role of energy conservation. Its getting into each other’s heads and gaining empathy for the real world situation that the other person is coming from. Reflective Dialogue will not produce the answers to the puzzle, but it will set up the trust and understanding that is vital to getting to what Steven Covey calls the "Third Alternative". That is the solution that makes everyone pretty happy without making anyone feel terribly mad. It makes all stake holders winners because through Reflective dialogue they finally understand why that crazy SOB thinks the way that they think. It begins to give validity to multiple solutions and sets the foundation for the next mode of dialogue, Generative Dialogue.

According to Kahane, Generative Dialogue produces a "deeper unity of purpose". The big light bulb finally gets lit in each and every stake holder and every one realizes that the only way to stop the atrocities of war or save the world from energy related side effects , or power civilization without destroying it, is to come together and work together on that "Third Alternative" . The alternative that makes every stake holder look like a hero to their constituents. It’s the solution that allows everyone to go home with their heads held high taking rightful credit for solving the problem without sacrificing their sense of what is right.

This is where we as a nation and a world need to go when it comes to deciding our energy future. When history is written describing how this generation met the challenges of our time and produced a workable and healthy energy solution to power the future, the record will show that we went through each of these "four distinct conversational modes".

We must keep this conversation going until we can all collectively make it through all four modes. As the Guatemalans found during their peace initiative, the stakes are way too high to do anything else. Does this mean that all we have to do is go through the four steps and like the addict finishing the twelve step rehabilitation program all problems are solved? Of course not. There will be good days and bad days. There will still be debates and downloading, setbacks and discouragement. Clearly, the methods being used to solve the problem today are not working. Its time to try something different. "Insanity is repeating the same behavior and expecting a different result," said Werner Erhart.

It is time to stop the insanity.

Stop Building Power Plants- Get Smart

2007-02-04T14:25:00.000-05:00

While CEO’s scurry around making grand plans to build more power plants and so called environmentalists lecture about the need for sustainable and renewable power, everyone is missing the point. Why Amory Lovins hasn’t gotten farther with his "Negawatts" concept is easy to see. When energy conservation meets your electricity needs, nobody makes the big bucks. And, it requires you to take action instead of blaming our energy problems on utilities, governments, or embryonic industries.

Many Western and Southern home owners could and are harnessing the sun. Plains and coastal states are harnessing the wind. Agricultural states could expand bio-fuels. Any place with garbage could do a better job making bio-gas. In many cases these technologies could be employed by home owners to power their homes, today; no waiting; no government action; no utility action. Yet, these solutions will take a big bite out of your wallet and require you to be the "utility company". The main problem is everyone wants to make sure that they have a wall street style payback and they want juice at the flip of the switch; without learning about battery storage levels or wind speeds. The other problem is that our homes and lifestyles are not built to conserve energy. The housing industry continues to confuse size and space with imagination. And, no one seems to be able to find south until after the house is built. So what’s a Boy Scout to do? It is still possible to conserve energy no matter what your house is like. The key is to learn what uses energy at your place and resolve to take action.

Enough free or low cost actions could be taken, that, when combined across the nation would have a real impact on our national energy appetite. The web has a plethora of sites devoted to energy audits and check lists for saving energy in the typical American home. If you haven’t visited them, this cold winter might be the time to start looking for ways you can save on your energy bill. If you are too lazy to do that, at least read this.
There really is no such thing as a typical American home. Size matters and so does construction, number of occupants, number of teenagers and the number and kind of appliances. Having said that, there are "typical" things that we know about homes.

The largest percentage of energy use in the American home goes to space heating. When it comes to space heating expenses, there are variables that you can so something about for a reasonable price and there are variables that you can’t touch unless you burn your house down and start over. This article focuses on simple non-flammable ideas.

The thermostat is a quick and easy way to cut costs. If you don’t have a programmable setback thermostat, you can save energy and pay for the cost of the new thermostat in about three winter months of heating or about four summer months of cooling. You can do this setback ritual by hand, but the only customer that I’ve known to pull this off was a Professor of Mathematics at a four year college. Even he got tired of it after several years. You save one percent off the heating part of your bill for every degree of set back you practice for ten hours or more a day. Other simple things that you can do to save on space heating costs include adding more air tight layers to windows ( plastic, glass, plexiglass) with more than 1/4 inch and less than 11/2 inches of space between each layer. One really simple thing you can do to lower heating costs is to take the screens off your south facing windows. This allows up to ten percent more of the sun’s heat to warm the inside of your house for free. Leaving drapes open during the day and closing them at night also helps. Leaving drapes closed on the south side is a really bad idea unless you just like sending money to your utility company. One other simple thing that you can do to cut heating costs is to caulk cracks and holes. I’ve read that 40 percent of a typical homes heating expense comes from air infiltration. When in, doubt caulk every inside joint where different construction materials meet. Or, better yet get a blower door test and find out exactly where the holes are. Many electric utilities offer a free or reduced cost blower door test service.

Water heating is the next biggest utility expense. Here again the thermostat is the first place to look. Most utilities have been recommending that water heater thermostats be set no higher than 120 degrees for years. On electric water heaters, you must make sure that both thermostats are set at the same temperature. There are almost always two thermostats on an electric water heater so keep looking until you find both. Adding an insulating blanket is the next best thing to do, unless your water heater warranty says, "no". Gas water heaters can also be insulated, but you must make sure that the installation meets all, and I mean all, safety requirements listed in your owners manual.

After that, doing all your laundry with cold water, installing low flow fixtures for showers and faucets and politely asking people to take shorter showers are about your only choices. There are some tips to getting good quality low flow fixtures. The styles that say "aerated" or "jet air" or something like that make the water travel a little faster and make you feel like you are getting more water. This is especially helpful for shower heads. If the box doesn’t brag about some special feature like this it probably means that the low flow is achieve by just choking off the water. This makes for wimpy showers.

Next on the energy evil doers list for the typical home is refrigeration. Unless you have to have rock hard ice cream and milk so cold it makes your teeth hurt, you can save some money here. You will need a thermometer to do this right. Most refrigerators have useless dials that say "colder" or "warmer". Obviously warmer is less expensive to run than colder but the Colorado State Health Department requires commercial coolers to be 40 Fahrenheit degrees plus or minus two degrees and freezing happens at 32 degrees Fahrenheit, so a thermometer works best. Here again you save one percent off the refrigeration part of your bill for every degree of setback you do. Two other easy saving tips for refrigerators include keeping the fridge full but not too full and keeping the back and bottom of the outside clean and dust free. Many homeowners keep a half full freezer in the garage, just incase they bring home some road kill. If its getting close to empty, stick the rest of it in your half empty freezer compartment of your regular fridge and unplug the freezer.

Then next biggest bite on your energy bill are your appliances. Unless you have a welding machine in the garage, this part of your bill is usually small. Lately news media have been fussing over "phanton loads" and blame today’s high tech "always on" appliances for this expense. The cost and the energy use for phantom loads are small. The only real way to find "phantom loads" and determine how much of a chunk they take out of your wallet is to get an appliance meter and check them. I got a Kill-O-Watt meter for Christmas several years ago and I like to experiment. My stereo has a remote control that powers it up and changes features and volume. As far as I can tell, it only uses electricity when the power is on. Somehow it hibernates very efficiently and draws zero power. My television on the other hand uses 8 watts all the time, even when it is turned off. This adds up to a whopping 69 cents per month. Some recent articles claim that you should install a light stick for these appliances and turn them off. You can spend $10.00 for a simple light stick and in fourteen months you will start saving 69 cents per month. You may also have to reprogram equipment when you kill the power. Only you can decide which way to go.

Lighting is one area that deserves attention. Its not that there are big savings to be had here, but its easy and it works. Fluorescent lighting offers more light per watt than regular incandescent or halogen bulbs. New LED lighting can offer even more savings, but the systems are harder to find and more expensive. There are also some fiber optic lights on the market that can save money over incandescent or halogen bulbs, but they are expensive to install.

In your home, compact fluorescent lights can take the place of any incandescent bulb as long as it fits into the fixture - some can’t. Always measure before you buy. A 16 watt compact fluorescent bulb can save you $36 dollars a year if you replace a 60 watt incandescent bulb that’s on 24 hours a day every day. Compact fluorescent bulbs last ten times as long making them ideal replacements for hard to reach places or commercial applications. Some compact fluorescent bulbs have a hard time starting in cold weather so use caution in outdoor applications. Having said that, I’ve used a 60 watt GE capsule compact fluorescent bulb on my front porch north of Gunnison, Colorado for years without problems. It protests a little when its below zero, but it always gets going after a few minutes.

The key to energy and cost savings in your home is self education. Knowing which pieces of equipment to keep an eye on is the best way to save money and avoid surprises. The following formula is the foundation to that education. Your electric bill equals watts divided by 1000, times Time times the rate per kWh. Or, $ = kW X T X $/kWh. While this is absurdly simple, the challenge of accurately filling in the blanks can drive you crazy. However, if you are serious about saving the universe, putting a halt to global climate change and saving your hard earned cash, you have to bite the bullet and learn this. New appliances and equipment usually have a label near the power cord that lists watts and amps or Kilowatts (KW) and amps. If you know kilowatts (KW) all you have to do is figure out Time, or how many hours a month it runs. Multiply KW times Time to get kWh. Then all you have to do is multiple by the rate. The national average must be up to $0.09 per kWh by now, but rates range from $0.08 to $0.14. That little difference makes a big difference on your bill, so find one of your old bills and get your kWh rate. If you know watts, divide by 1000 to get KW and then multiply by the rate.

For example, my television is so old (1988) that I can’t find anything on it to tell me how much power it uses, but I know it uses 74 watts when its on. I used my handy dandy Kill-O-Watt meter to get the number. If I watch two hours of television per day, in thirty days I use 4,440 watt hours of electricity. Dividing by 1,000 I come up with 4.44 kWh. Multiple that by the average rate of $0.09 and I can expect to pay 40 cents per month to watch television.

Larger appliances like baseboard electric heaters use more power. The watts of power for baseboard heaters is usually labeled on the front on a shiny silver tag. For a 1,000 watt heater that’s on six hours a day, the calculation looks like this:
1,000/1,000 X 6 X $0.09 X 30 days = $16.20 per month.

OK all you watt busters, mount up and ride. It doesn’t matter if you like Nuclear Power or Pulverized Coal or Integrated Combined Cycle Gasification, or Concentrated Solar Power, or Hydro-power or Wind power. New construction of any kind in this day and age will drive up your rates and your bill. Finding "Negawatts" could scare off some of these new power plant plans and keep your energy dollars in your wallet at the same time.
© Mark Daily

Go green Go Nuclear

2007-01-08T15:31:00.000-05:00

Are you crazy? Don’t you remember the months of drama surrounding the Three Mile Island melt down? Well, actually I do. Haven’t you seen the pictures of the horribly disfigured victims from the Chernobyl, Russian nuclear explosions and fire - a disaster that is still to this day - twenty years later - producing birth defects of hideous magnitude? Well, yes, actually I have. Haven’t you been paying attention to the conflicts over permanent storage at Yucca Mountain, Nevada? Republican Governor Kenny Guinn doesn’t even want it and Nevada wants everything. Oh yeah, I have read about all of that. And, if that wasn’t enough, now we have people in Iran that in the same year announced the creation of nuclear material and their belief that Israel has no right to exist. Yep, I did notice that as a matter of fact. Then why are you talking about supporting nuclear energy?

Well, Patrick Moore, Co-founder of Green Peace, says we don’t have much of choice, for one thing. And, if renewable energy is such a great idea, why aren’t you living off the grid? Say what you like about the energy situation today. Point your finger in any direction you want. The end result still echos, the cartoon character Pogo, " we have met the enemy ..... and he is us".

According to an April 16th article in the Washington Post (Moore, Washington Post, Sunday, April 16, 2006; Page B01) all of those pesky questions about death and destruction from the promotion of nuclear energy have real world modern solutions. The truth of the matter is that the United States power industry by itself is still producing ten percent of the total global CO2 emissions. Experts estimate that world electric power needs will double in the next twenty years.

"The 600-plus coal-fired plants [in the USA] emit nearly 2 billion tons of CO2 annually - the equivalent of the exhaust from about 300 million automobiles. In addition, the Clean Air Council reports that coal plants are responsible for 64 percent of sulfur dioxide emissions, 26 percent of nitrous oxides and 33 percent of mercury emissions. These pollutants are eroding the health of our environment, producing acid rain, smog, respiratory illness and mercury contamination."(Moore, Washington Post, Sunday, April 16, 2006; Page B01)
According to the Nuclear Energy Institute (http://www.nei.org) there are 104 commercial reactors with operating licenses in 31 states. These reactors supply 20 percent of the electricity in the United States. This website provides a host of information dispelling negative opinions about nuclear energy and the disposal os used nuclear material. Yet, many people still object to the idea of increasing the use of nuclear rules for electricity generation.

Today the United States is having lots of discussion about the "energy situation". Yes, I am aware that there are those that believe the world will be better off with more CO2. My bias is that I am not one of them. I encourage all electricity consumers to read as much as they can about electricity generation from as many sources as possible. Only through open debate and discussion of these complicated issues will we emerge into a sustainable energy future. More people die in one year from mining coal in the United States than have died in any U.S. nuclear plant activities combined, ever. We must overcome our irrational fears of nuclear energy and replace them with facts about all of our energy options.

Everyone from politicians to investment bankers are talking about the realities of electricity generation in the United States. The politicians get it. "Our nation’s future electricity needs cannot be met almost exclusively by natural gas, but must be a reasonable combination of efforts that include energy conservation, energy efficiency, renewable energy, nuclear energy and clean-coal technology."(U.S. Conference of Mayors, Resolution, June 2004)

The investment bankers get it. "The Energy Policy Act of 2005 "provides meaningful incentives for the construction of new nuclear plants and advanced coal generation facilities . . . Fitch,[an investment company], views EPACT’s provisions to spur development of a handful of new nuclear and coal-based facilities as an effective way to mitigate the risks relating to commercialization of the targeted new technologies. Demonstration of successful commercial performance of several such facilities will likely reduce investment costs, shorten the construction cycle for subsequent plants and avoid the need for extraordinary subsidies for follow-on facilities. Thus, these incentives could have far-reaching consequences in the 2015-2020 period, despite few immediate investment effects."(Fitch Ratings Ltd."Energy Policy Act of 2005"August 2, 2005)

Now its time for the rest of us to "get it". Believe me, if there was ever a person more skeptical than me about nuclear power, he would be hard to find. These changes are a challenge to swallow. This may however, be the prescription that the earth needs for its very survival.

For more information, read Moore’s complete article at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/14/AR2006041401209.html or Goggle "Nuclear Power Issues". The Chicago Tribune ran an article December 2006 covering the rising interest in Nulcear Power Generation. http://www.philly.com/mld/philly/news/nation/16342573.htm

As the ancient guardian knight said just before Indiana Jones grabbed the holy grail chalice to face life or death, "choose wisely".

Wind Generation Alternative Renewable Energy Resource Can’t do it all.

2006-12-31T14:50:00.000-05:00

Glen has a good point about reliability for solar energy. The same seems to be true for wind energy.

Wind power is the one alternative clean and renewable energy that every one in the nation can sign up for in one of two forms, right now... today. You do not have to wait for your local electric utility to take action. You can do this without them.

The wind energy movement is supported two ways. One way is to buy actual kilowatt hours made by wind turbines from one of the nations many wind farms. Many utilities already have firm contracts with these generators and the ones that do usually offer their customers "Green Power" or "Wind Power" for a small additional fee. You may complain about paying more for power generated by a free fuel, but if you can’t handle the extra 1.25 to 2.5 cents a kilowatt hour for a clean alternative, you sure can’t handle buying a photovoltaic solar system. This really is the biggest bang for the buck, today.

Go to the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency to see if your utility offers Green Power. (http://www.dsireusa.org).

If your utility doesn’t have a wind power program you can still by "Green Tags" from several sources. Green Tags create revenue that directly supports the development of wind power projects across the nation. The Bonneville Environmental Foundation (BEF) is one of many sources of green tags. Their web site (https://www.greentagsusa.org) says, "During 2000, BEF developed its Green Tags product, in recognition of the demand for renewable energy in places where utilities do not offer that choice. Green Tags represent the environmental benefits that occur when clean, new renewable energy is substituted for power that is produced by burning fossil fuel. BEF has been the pioneer in offering this choice to customers worldwide. Revenues that are generated selling Green Tags are reinvested in new forms of renewable energy."

Sterling Planet (http://www.sterlingplanet.com) is another source for green tags and green tag information.
Buying wind energy directly through your utility and buying green tags through a third party provider like Sterling Planet, both support renewable energy and reduce green house gas emissions. Either type of wind power purchase puts more renewable energy in the power grid pipeline, so to speak. However, there will never be specific electrons with your name coming to your house to run you equipment. You are just supporting the growth of this industry. Just like buying regular power supports the fossil fuel industry in most cases.

Wind Energy is one of the fastest if not the fastest growing renewable energy generation source in the USA today. People that I talk to out on the street feel like utilities are holding back on the construction and support for wind and other renewable energy sources. Wind is about six percent of the nations electricity generation mix. Despite the fact that wind power has been used for centuries, the wind power generation industry is still a fledgling industry. It needs the same government and public support and subsidy that the fossil fuel industry has enjoyed for decades.

Even though the wind generated electricity industry is new, according to the American Wind Energy Association , wind generation faciltites have been coming on line and increasing power production at phenomenal rates.

Year -Megawatts -Percent Growth
2003 -6,353 -35.57%
2004 -6,725 -5.86%
2005 -9,149 -36.04%
2006 -10,492 -14.68%
Sources: U.S. Department of Energy Wind Energy Program & AWEA,,
© 2006 by the American Wind Energy Association.

Some feel that the only reason that wind generation has not become a bigger percentage of the US electricity generation portfolio is due to NIMY opposition ( Not In My Back Yard), but there are other reasons for wind power limitations.

One of the main limitations is that the best wind resource is a long way from transmission resources. So, no matter how much electricity could be make with the wind, you can’t deliver. The load is a long way from the wind resource and transmission expansion is costly and time consuming.

So at this point, wind resource maps showing how we could power the nation by wind power alone are misleading. You can’t get there from here. Not just yet anyway.

Another challenge to wind energy production is that the wind is not always on. This fact causes utility executives and planning engineers to insist on duplicating power generation resources with coal and other fossil fuel resources just to make sure that they can keep the lights on when the wind stops blowing. Experts say that wind power is only producing 25 percent of the time, even in the best wind resource areas.
Some even argue that wind power is increasing the green house gas problem because power generation companies worry that their profits will not be sufficient to cover the higher costs of some of the best new clean coal technologies. So, they insist on building new capacity with old technology that adds more green house gas than the new technologies.

There maybe a point when wind generation facilities are so spread out across the nation that somewhere the wind will always be blowing hard enough to make electricity. Once this diversity occurs, wind maybe more reliable in meeting loads nationwide. When this happens, the argument to duplicate base load generation will loose its strength. The diversity argument is a good one yet it is still a chicken and egg situation where no one wants to agree to do without power until the infrastructure is in place and no one wants to put the infrastructure in place until someone has a load to use the power.
Worldwide the USA is a little behind in the deployment of wind generation. Denmark, one of the world leaders has a long proven industry in wind generation, they feel that wind generation goes a long way to reduce fossil fuel generation needs and green house gas emissions.

"The Danish Wind Industry Association did an in depth life cycle analysis of wind power generation through the use of wind turbines. This analysis showed that modern wind turbines recover all of the energy spent in manufacturing, transporting, installing, maintaining, and scrapping them when their productive life is finished within 3 months of operation. This is quite impressive considering that the average life span of modern turbines is estimated at 20 years of design life.[1] A 600 kW turbine is estimated to save 4300 tons of coal from being consumed per year. This is a significant savings in CO2 emissions which are estimated to increase by ~75% by the year 2020." (Aaron Racicot, ESE 589,Term Project, 07/24/03)

The first step to identifying wind resource potential is to review the NREL Wind Resource materials. This information describes average estimated wind speeds throughout the nation. Wind speed is the gold standard for wind production. If you have a class 3 or better wind resource, you may have an economically viable project. With wind speeds lower than Class 3, you are out of the game altogether. The big challenge is to find out if your area has enough wind to constitute a resource rather than an annoyance. While the NREL maps can narrow the search area, the only real way to find out if your area has a wind resource is to do a wind resource study. The web has a host of sites that can get you started and some areas offer free meta towers and data loggers to help with your search. Western Area Power Administration is one resource for customers in western states.

This web site has a nice run down explaining wind speed classification. (http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Atmosphere/wind_speeds.html&edu=high)

While wind study is not rocket science, there are specific methods required to do a meaningful study. Putting up a wind generation facility just because you think its "really windy here" may risk wasting your money.
This book tells you everything you ever wanted to know about wind resource studies. Wind resource assessment handbook: Fundamentals for conducting a successful monitoring programBailey, BH ; McDonald, S.L. ; Bernadette, DW ; Markus, M.J. ; Elsholz, K.V. [AWS Scientific, Inc., Albany, NY (US)] Publication Date 1997 Apr 01 OSTI Identifier OSTI ID: 486127 Report Number(s) NREL/SR--440-22223; ON: DE97000250
Next time I plan to talk about the nuclear energy electricity industry.

Concentrating Solar Power- Alternative Energy -part of the Electric Power Solution

2006-12-19T14:54:00.000-05:00

Central Station solar power is not a new concept. California has had 354 megawatts on line for 15 years. Remember we call any big power generation facility designed to make power and transmit it to load centers as "central station power generation". The other style of power generation is referred to as "distributed power generation". This can be individual home or business systems, or larger community systems that are "distributed" to meet the local load or need.

Central Station Solar power typically uses the intense thermal heat from the sun to make steam and then uses conventional steam generation equipment similar to fossil fuel systems to actually make the electricity. So, the equipment is different than just hooking up millions of photovoltaic solar panels. This does not mean that the land requirements for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) are small.

The EPA estimates the following CSP capacity potential from the four sunniest states in the nation along with the corresponding land area in square miles that would be needed to meet that CSP generation capacity.
State
Megawatts
Square Miles Needed
Arizona- 1,652,000 MW - 12,790 Square Miles
California - 742,305 MW - 5,750 Square Miles
Nevada - 619,410 MW - 9,157 Square Miles
New Mexico -1,119,000 MW - 9,157 Square Miles

For comparison, note that the State of Maryland has 12,407 sq. miles; New Hampshire 9,351 sq. miles; and, Connecticut 5,544 sq. miles.
While the cost of this technology continues to fall, using this source of power would triple your electric bill. "Current Costs can be as low as 8 cents /kWh but new 50-100 MW [facilities] will probably be closer to 12-14 cents/kWh"(Central Station Solar Electricity, Concentrating Solar Power by Dr. Frederick Morse, Chairman Solar Thermal Power Division, Solar Energy Industries Association, http://www.epa.gov/cleanrgy/pdf/morse-dec6.pdf)

Wholesale power costs nationwide continue to be in the 3 -7 cents per kilowatt hour range and are generally about 50 to 70 percent of the retail cost that consumers pay at the meter.
So, in spite of the clamor for free power from the sun and safe clean energy to power our homes and businesses. The line of people saying, " sign me up" has been short so far.

This then explains part of the reluctance of your electric utility to get into CSP in a big way. The other hang up is the fact that power production goes down with the sun. With large population centers distant from the four main sunny states, the potential of CSP to deliver power where it is needed is also limited.

Electric Utilities not only live to keep the lights on, they also believe that part of their mission is to provide consumers with the least cost electricity at the meter. As long as consumers do not perceive higher value in renewable energy’s higher costs, utility executives will continue to look to King Coal and other lower cost fuels to keep the lights on at your house.

As costs for this option come down and costs for the fossil fuel options rise you will see more of this in the generation portfolio. Tripling the cost of your electricity may look better than Global Warming, green house gas production and air quality degradation, but it will be awhile before wide support for this alternative will make a difference.

You can find more information about CSP and alternative energy at the following at the following web sites:
http://www.solarelectricpower.org/index.php?page=
http://www.epa.gov/cleanrgy/pdf/morse-dec6.pdf
http://www.dsireusa.org/
http://www.energytaxincentives.org

A more optimistic view of CSP can be found at the Energy Blog http://thefraserdomain.typepad.com/energy/2005/09/overview_of_con.html

Solar Energy Electricity Generation

2006-12-13T15:32:00.000-05:00

I made a good career in the electric utility industry talking to angry people. These were normal everyday hard working utility customers that were angry, frustrated, and often confused about their electric bill. They blamed the electric utility for their problems. "There is no way I used over a $100.00 worth of electricity last month", they would often say. While the details might vary the expressed feelings were really pretty much the same in every case. "I am mad about my electric bill and since you are the electric company it must be your fault".

After a letting them settle down a little most of these angry people were receptive to the idea that their electric bill was almost completely under their control. Having a low electric bill was easy. All they needed to do was start flipping breakers into the off position and "presto" -no bill, or at least a very low bill. Of course, spoiled milk and frozen pipes cost money too. So, you have to decide, "cold beer and fresh milk" or "lower bills". Yet, there are many low cost or no cost actions that a home owner can take to reduce their energy bill. We’ll get into that discussion some other time. After a home visit I was usually able to get within 5% of guessing their electric bill, just by adding up the estimated energy use of all of the equipment in their home. Of course the difference was due to their confusion about how often the equipment was running, but I digress.

The point of this is that people get mad when they feel their choices are being shoved down their throats. People get happy when they feel like they are in control of the way they spend their money. I want to continue the discussion about electric utility generation choices by talking a little bit about solar energy. Many electricity consumers hear about the "free power" from the sun and assume that they are being gouged by their electric companies. While scientists estimate that the power of sunlight hitting the earth could produce enough electricity to run everything, it is not that easy and it will not be free.

The science of solar electricity is fairly easy. A group of Solar panels called an array turns sunlight into direct electrical current (DC). Control equipment links the system to the load, while an inverter is used convert the DC power in to Alternating current (AC) power to be used by most of today’s appliances and equipment. And you thought AC/DC was a rock band. Solar electricity is often called PV for "photovoltaic", the chemical process that solar panels use to generate electricity. Everything you ever wanted to know about Solar Electricity can be found on the amazing Solar Buzz website (http://www.solarbuzz.com).

They say the following about the present role of solar energy in the USA.
"In 2000, total U.S. net generation of electricity was 3,792 billion kWh, 2% higher than 1999. Fifty-two percent was generated by coal, with nuclear providing 20%, 16% from natural gas and 3% from petroleum. Hydro provided 7% while other renewables generated 2%. Generation from coal, nuclear and gas was higher than in 1999, by 4, 4 and 7%, respectively.The use of renewable energy for electricity generation in the United States dropped by almost 12% in 2000. Renewables generated 358,606 million kilowatt-hours (net) in 2000, down from 406,322 in 1999, according to the Energy Information Administration. The big drop was from the largest source of renewables, hydroelectricity, which went from 319,484 million kWh to 274,600.
Solar PV went from 848 to 844 million kWh. Wind was the only renewable energy to buck the decline, rising from 4,488 to 4,947 million kWh over the two years. Looking at broader total energy use, rather than just electricity generation, the picture in 1998 had renewable energy contributing 8% of the total. This was dominated by hydropower and biomass (93% combined), with solar contributing 1% of it." (http://www.solarbuzz.com/StatsMarketshare.htm)

The small percentage the solar power contributed to the USA energy picture is due to many factors. Mostly, the puny 1% is because the residential and small commercial solar industry is new. Others argue that another reason is because this disbursed industry does not command the same political clout as coal and other fossil fuel based generation. This lack of clout shows up in many ways including lower government subsidies for solar installations, resistance to market enhancing features like net-metering, misinformation about the safety and liability issues, as well as a home and building construction industry that is generally oblivious to energy efficient designs that could make solar power a more reasonable choice.

According the Solar Buzz website, the solar industry is making excellent progress in their battle to lower equipment prices to make the final output of kilowatt hours more cost competitive with central station fossil fuel power plants. According to Solar Buzz the cost of solar panels has dropped over 85% since 1982. Today one kilowatt hour (kWh) of solar power is in the 30 cent range. The average cost per kWh in the nation for utility power is approaching 10 cents per kWh.

Another reason for the low solar role in electricity generation at the home owner level is the high cost of entry. The typical cost for a stand alone solar electric system runs about $10,000 and can generate about 1,800 kWh per year in a sunny climate. The nation wide monthly kWh use for the average home is 500kWh per month. So, a much larger system would need to be installed to cover the average annual 6,000 kWh per year. At the current kWh cost you can buy 100,000 kilowatt hours of electricity for the same price as that $10,000 solar system or about 16 years of electricity from your electric company.
Next week, I’ll try get some information out about the central station generation options being explored for solar power. In the mean time, check out these web sites to learn more about the solar and alternative energy possibilities for your home.
http://www.chicagosolarpartnership.org
http://www.nrel.gov/ncpv/vision.html
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/
http://www.solarbuzz.com
http://www.irs.gov/newsroom/article/0,,id=153397,00.html
http://www.dsireusa.org

Environmental Kooks and Electric Utility Public Service Commission Obstructionists

2006-12-05T15:41:00.000-05:00

One big challenge facing anyone debating technical issues is the challenge of facts. Finding facts in this day and age seems so easy with inter-net resources yet if we use our personal bias blindfolds we will never see the whole problem or the whole solution. If you only find the fact that describes the elephant’s trunk and I find only the fact that describes the elephant’s toe nail, we might never get to agreement on the fact that we are talking about elephants until we remove the blindfolds.

So it is with the debate about how to power the United States economy. There are many different "facts" to be evaluated. It presents a daunting challenge but as citizens we have two choices. Either we agree with the facts and choices used by our utility companies or we don’t.

I prefer not to get bogged down in a greenhouse gas (GHG) debate at this point although, for many this is the only reason to debate "what powers the U.S.A".Yet, the issue of "we will run out of it someday" is also a good reason to tackle this challenge. To me they are intertwined motives. "Running out" won’t matter much if the planet’s ability to support life is compromised. Thinkers far more advanced than I have already coined plenty of slogans for this: "There is no business to be made on a dead planet"; "We must protect the environment as well as the economy or some day we will have neither". Quotes like that.

For more about those GHG details please read Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth. If you agree with Al, you can feel smug about having such a nice guy to agree with. If you disagree with Mr. Gore, you will at least find out how "those people" think. So, it’s a good thing to read it no matter what opinion you hold on the impacts of Greenhouse Gases (GHG). Some day I think we will all agree that the only people confused about the science of global climate change are the people pretending to be scientists. The real scientists all seem to agree we have a problem.

Fact:"The United States relies on electricity to meet a significant portion of its energy demands, especially for lighting, electric motors, heating and air conditioning. Electricity generators consumed 34 percent of U.S. energy from fossil fuel combustion in 2004. The type of fuel combusted by electricity generators has a significant effect on their emissions. For example, some electricity is generated with low CO2 emitting energy technologies, particularly non-fossil options such as nuclear, hydroelectric or geothermal energy. However, electricity generators rely on coal for over half of their total energy requirements and accounted fo 94 percent of all coal consumed in the Unites States in 2004. Consequently, changes in electricity demand have a significant impact on coal consumption and associated CO2 emissions." (pg 7 of 18 Executive Summary , Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2004 (April 2006) USEPA #430-R-06-002
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads06/06ES.pdf 12/05/06)

On June 19 2006, the 2006 Energy Biz summit gathered eight leading electric utility executives together to discuss issues relating to electricity generation in the US. Energy Biz Magazine recently made pod-casts available providing summaries of some of the material.
http://www.energycentral.com/centers/energybiz/eb_summit_list.cfm

Several striking conclusions come from listening to these presentations. The main one that I agree with says that citizens in the USA are not really aware of the growing "base load" crisis. Rolling brown outs in the north east, cascading power outages in the Midwest and billing shenanigans in California are symptoms of a larger problem. While experts on both sides may effectively argue that "pilot error" or "pilot greed" caused these problems, the fact that human problems can trigger these repercussions points to one fact. The demand for electricity is rising faster than construction for new sources of electric generation.

The second interesting item from Energy Biz summit, points to the current reality that renewables will not soon take the place of base load generation. It is not a simple matter of sticking up more wind turbines and solar panels to harvest free and non-polluting energy. New renewable energy industries simply cannot bring enough reliable power on line soon enough to meet the need. One executive even added his belief that no single technology will be able to keep up with the growing demand for electricity.

If you don’t believe this, try a simple sample problem with your house. Find an old electric bill. Pick a shoulder month so it won’t be a real high or real low bill. Find the total kilowatt hours used (kWh). Its on your bill somewhere. Now, go to the GAIAM web site and order a copy of the Real Goods Solar Living Sourcebook. If you are really into alternative energy and really hate your utility company, this will be the best $35 (plus shipping) that you ever spend. In that book find the Solar Energy Worksheet. You can use it to figure out how to size your equipment to deliver the kWh amount you got off your electric bill. Then you can go to the product pages and figure out the cost for that equipment. If your house is like mine, it will be many years before your electric rates get high enough to make the purchase of that equipment a good idea for your wallet. Making use of most alternative energy fuels will require a lot more fundamental changes in our lifestyles then simply changing the source of power generation fuels.

Let’s move on to "interesting item number three". Amory and Hunter Lovins (http://www.rmi.org/) must have gotten tuckered out lately because you rarely hear about "Negawatts" any more. The concept of "demand side management" was mentioned in these summary pod-casts, but the phrase, "energy conservation" was once again noticeably absent from the discussion. Regional groups like Western Resource Advocates, still argue that conservation could effectively cut the growing electricity demand in half in some western states. (http://www.westernresourceadvocates.org/energy/clenergy.php)Yet, eight utility executives gloss over this "resource" without much comment, and here is why.

Interesting item number four: These guys like to build big power plants and coal is currently the cheapest fuel to buy for running them. Sadly, the tone of the Final Remarks show an attitude that makes the normal uninformed citizen like me, angry at utility companies. Their collective feeling seems to be that if the environmental crazies and the damn ivory tower regulators would just get out of the way, they could provide all the electric power generation the world will ever need. "We can build these things". "This is great stuff", they proclaim. This is a great solution. They get to take action and the costs for these huge multi-billion dollar projects get passed on to us, the rate payers.

Its too bad, in an exciting world where so many options could be used to solve our energy problems and improve environmental health; a world where we could all be working together to solve our energy problems; we still have major utility businesses run by men using the same thinking that got us into this mess. The time has come. We can no longer afford to confuse size with imagination.

“ Ban mining, let the bastards freeze in the dark”.

2006-11-28T13:20:00.000-05:00

One of the reasons that people feel screwed by the electric utility and energy utilities in general is because of the arrogant behavior of executives in the utility industry. Enron is the poster child for this behavior but much of the industry’s arrogance is perfectly legal and supported by federal and state laws.

Public Citizen, Inc, is a non-profit membership organization that lobbies for strong citizen and consumer protection laws. They say, "We fight for openness and democratic accountability in government, for the right of consumers to seek redress in the courts; for clean, safe and sustainable energy sources; for social and economic justice in trade policies; for strong health, safety and environmental protections; and for safe, effective and affordable prescription drugs and health care".(Public Citizen http://www.citizen.org/index.cfm)

Their review of the Dominici -Barton Energy Policy Act of 2005 chronicles a list of tax breaks and incentives that reduce tax income and provide regulatory incentives that will cost the taxpayers billions of dollars to support healthy profit making electric generation and transmission companies along with private energy companies. This same legislation pays lip service to renewable and clean energy alternatives while decimating the Public Utility Holding Company Act. They write;"Repeal of PUHCA and Merger Reform-The 70-year-old consumer and investor protection statute would be completely abolished within six months, opening up ownership of approximately $1 trillion worth of electric generation, transmission and distribution assets and natural gas distribution assets to any kind of company, anywhere, for the first time since 1935. At that time, hundreds of Enron-type affiliate and other abuses took place between holding companies and their utility subsidiaries resulting in the collapse of the holding company empires, which wiped out tens of thousands of investor"s.

NewEnergyFuture.com is a project of state public interest groups and state-based environmental groups around the country. State Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs) are state-based, nonpartisan advocates for the public interest. Groups such as Environment California, Environment Colorado, Environment Maine and PennEnvironment combine research and advocacy to improve the quality of the environment in their states. Please spare me the red state blue state comments. Its all one state - the state of our world.

They had similar reaction to federal legislation proposed in 2001. Their executive summary reported, "H.R. 4, the House energy plan passed on August 2, 2001, is dirty, dangerous and does not deliver for consumers. It uses taxpayer dollars to subsidize profitable and polluting corporations, leaving consumers with little more than the side effects of a shortsighted and dirty energy policy—more drilling, more spilling, more air pollution, more global warming, and more radioactive waste. The House energy plan is unbalanced, devoting barely a quarter of the subsidies and tax breaks to renewable energy and energy efficiency. Instead, H.R. 4 includes $38 billion in subsidies and tax breaks for polluters, sacrificing meaningful investment in renewable energy and perpetuating America’s dependence on polluting fossil fuels and nuclear power, the most dangerous and expensive source of power available. The oil and gas, mining, auto and electric utility industries, having contributed $18.4 million to federal candidates in the 1999-2000 election, enjoyed a return on their investment by a factor of more than 2,000 in this bill alone. (http://newenergyfuture.com)

Now that you’re really pissed off, you owe it to yourself to learn more about how the industry works.

To make electricity you must turn a generator of some kind For example, in order to charge your car battery and keep your car’s electrical system going you have to turn your alternator’s main shaft. And, you have to turn it at the proper speeds and duration to get the proper results. You can also generate electricity without "turning things" by using certain chemical reactions, like hydrogen fuel cells and solar collector silicon wafers.
That’s pretty much it. In order to rotate a generator you need energy. Either mechanical energy like wind and hydro-power, chemical energy like solar or fuel cells, or heat energy, like coal, or gas or something else that you burn or combust to make heat like nuclear energy or garbage etc.

2005 Data from the EPA (http://beta.blogger.com/(http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epat1p1.html) ,shows the following energy generation sources nation wide.

2005(thousand megawatt hours)

Coal - 2013179 - 49.65%
Petroleum- 122522 - 3.02%
Natural Gas - 757974 - 18.69%
Other gas - 16317 - 0.40%
Nuclear - 781986 - 19.29%
Hydro-Electric - 269587 - 6.65%
Renewables - 94932 - 2.34%
Pump Storage - -6558 - -0.16%
Other - 4749 - 0.12%

Some areas of the country have higher coal use with about 80 to 90 % of their electricity being made from steam driven turbines that are powered from the heat of coal. This technology has been around a long time. Natural gas became a popular fuel to make electricity in the 1970 and 80's because it was considered a cleaner burning fuel than coal and less expensive than oil or gasoline. Increases in natural gas costs make this fuel less popular today and most natural gas generation facilities tend to only be used to cover peak electricity demand that can not be met by base load coal generation.

Coal generation today costs between 3 and 5 cents per kilowatt hour. This rate would be higher if the subsidies mentioned by Public Citizen are taken away. Wind Energy comes with in 2-3 cents of coals kilowatt hour rate, as long as the Production Tax Credits stay in place. This is the cost of generating electricity and transmitting it to your distribution company. You mine the coal, gas or oil and you ship the fuel to a power plant and you burn it to make electricity. Or you turn turbines with wind or water to make electricity.

Then you transmit the electricity directly to the load at just the right time to keep the lights from going dim. This takes lots of planning and coordination and lots of resources; people and machinery to mine the energy; trains, trucks and drivers to ship it and power plants, wind towers or dams, transmission lines and specially trained operators and technicians to keep the whole thing going smoothly. So, all of this is great for the economy, to a certain extent.

So what’s the problem? Even the most optimistic analysts predict that some day we will run out of fossil fuels. The pessimists believe we will destroy the earth long before we run out leaving the planet a massive re-enactment of industrial London, England with the choking soot filled skies of the 16th and 17th centuries; and a climate altered beyond its ability to feed or care for living things. More about that later.

Alternative power to the rescue right? It never runs out. Not so fast. Yes, there are cleaner alternatives to power generation. Yet the meager 2.34% of renewable power generation shown the chart above is small for several good reasons. One reason is that alternative energy costs the consumer more at the meter. Winning support and understanding for renewables is hard when there is a feeling that a change will raise your electric bill. The other reason is that these industries are still evolving and face challenges of education, distribution and education that conventional sources over came decades ago.

So many questions and so much research to do. I’ll just keep banging away here trying to explain a complicated subject in simple terms. As Carl Sagan said, "We live in a society exquisitely dependent on science and technology, in which hardly anyone knows anything about science and technology." I love that quote. You will probably see it again.

Keep that dim bulb going

2006-11-21T14:15:00.000-05:00

My biggest disappointments in life seem to occur when I fail to ask the right questions; questions like, " are there any other fees associated with this free offer?" Or, basic questions like, " how does this work"? Or the favorite guy question to be left unanswered, "how do you get there"?

This concept seems to be true with most customer’s relationship with their electric utility. In fact we typically don’t ask any questions at all. We just call a phone number and tell the person on the other end of the line to " sign me up". We are offended if we are asked for a deposit of any kind. "How could they question my integrity"?

Rarely does anyone ask, "so what have been the typical electric bills for this house I am moving into"? Or, "where does my electricity come from"? Or, what is the name of your company and what are its goals"?
In fact, as a nation, electricity consumers have gotten so lazy about electric service that the call center employees at your local electric company may be thrown into chaos if you start asking those questions. Mine certainly did. Can you imagine buying a car and not asking about who makes it? Would you ever consider getting a loan no matter how small with out expecting to pay some money down, a percent of the purchase price, like a deposit? Today electricity is considered by many to be an entitlement not a commodity. It’s in the Constitution; life, liberty and electricity. Not only is electricity a commodity that is bought sold and traded, it is a very expensive commodity to make and deliver.

So, lets look at the big picture first. Why should you keep reading? Because, knowledge is power when it comes to your electric bill. And, if Al Gore is correct, this knowledge may save the world. If he’s not you still get to keep the cash you save.

How do we get electricity, where does it come from and why should any of this matter to me? Well, just like there are FORD people and there are CHEVY people, the source of your power makes a difference. The lights stay on in your house, not simply because you resentfully pay your bill each month. Your toast gets toasted and your beer gets chilled by a remarkable system of interconnected companies, facilities, equipment and people that must all be working with a common vision.

Tracing the system backwards from that dim bulb in your closet takes some work and the details are....frankly... boring. Yet, when that bulb goes out you demand answers. You scream for heads to roll. Fists are raised in protest and cries echo in utility industry halls for the culprits to be thrown out in the street. If you don’t believe me do a quick review of the headlines in the northeast during rolling black outs or find some headlines from California several years ago.

Power gets to your home, apartment or condo from wires connected in your house to a breaker panel. The size of your house and the size and efficiency of the equipment in your house can require larger or smaller breaker panels but, from that breaker panel some wires connect your house to a meter. It might be the landlord’s meter in an apartment complex and it might be on a pole or on an outside wall, or on a pedestal , but somewhere there is a meter that records the amount of electricity that your house uses. These meters are generally simple mechanical devices. Many customers look at their meter with suspicion thinking that it’s the meter that makes the bill. Actually you make your bill, or at least all of the gadgets in your building make the bill. The meter is a simple mechanical or solid-state device. It does not speed up when it is failing. Just like your car does not speed up when it is having mechanical or electrical problems. Meter reading technology is evolving. The muddy notebook with the torn pages and dog tooth marks imbedded in the cover has generally been replaced by a handheld computer with dog tooth marks embedded on the casing. These high tech devices often prompt the meter reader with directions and information on the next meter to be read on the route. Some have radio transmitters that communicate with your meter, and only your meter, to get the readings from a distance. Some utilities even have the capability to communicate with your meter and get meter readings over the power lines. The device doesn’t matter, the theory is the same. The meter dial shows one number at the beginning of the month and then shows a higher number at the end of the month, unless you have net-metering, are a criminal or flipped the main breaker switch to "OFF". I’ll get to net-metering one of these days. The other two options will have to be covered by someone else.

Now, here comes the point of all of this. There is no real incentive for utility companies to make up numbers or bill you for more electricity than you have really used. There are so many checks and balances and so much regulatory oversight that any shenanigans with your meter will always come to light (pun intended) before too long. Does that mean you can relax and pay your bill? Heck no! Your electric company bills thousands, maybe billions of homes. Despite the checks and balances, mistakes; honest mistakes from failed equipment to corrupted data files do happen. If your utility fails to bill you for the juice you actually used its not free. Remember the last Blog. "Anything free, isn’t". Someone is paying for it. You used it, so it was generated and transmitted and distributed. If you don’t pay for it, everyone pays for it through higher rates.

Electricity comes to your meter from a company called a distribution company. It could be a Municipal company, an Investor owned private company, a public power district or a member owned cooperative. The business is the same. They sell you electricity and your payment to them covers their cost to buy the electricity, cover operating expenses, salaries, repairs and the loans that were needed to build the distribution system to begin with. Most distribution companies do not make their own electricity, though some do. There are even some Municipal Utilities that handle distribution and generation, but most distribution companies buy electricity from a whole sale power supplier or generator or generation company or a generation and transmission company.

Generation companies, we’ll call them G&T’s make power and sell it to distribution companies. Federal deregulation lets any one play the "generation" game by providing "open access" to transmission systems for a price. A few states are toying with the idea of "open access" or de-regulation for distribution companies, but once the stool got kicked out from under the California attempt at deregulation, proponents rhetoric definitely softened. Transmission "open access" has been viewed as a good thing by most consumer groups with few exceptions. The challenge for the G& T’s is to figure out how much electricity to make and when to make it. They use complicated formulas, past experience and a fair amount of prayer to make wholesale power. They can’t store it if they make too much and they loose friends and business if they don’t make enough. Remember those headlines.

So that is a very simple explanation of a system that I think is amazing. Next time, I’ll get into how electricity is made or generated. We’ll talk about the tried and true as well as the alternatives. Next time you’ll find out the source of the rallying cry, " Ban mining, let the bastards freeze in the dark". See you next week.

Electric Utility Companies- What do they deliver?

2006-11-13T15:39:00.000-05:00

I heard the comment again last Saturday morning. "Electric Utility Companies are screwing us." Are they really screwing us? How exactly are they screwing us? Is it because they have failed to make good on the 1950's promise of electricity "to Cheap to Meter"? Was that ever a real promise? Nothing free, is.

I want to Blog in a kind way about real issues dealing the electricity generation. I want to talk about why many citizens feel like their electric utility is "screwing them" . I want to find out why utilities are not adopting renewable energy programs and energy conservation programs more readily, especially in Indiana, my home State for the moment. This debate has become such a "them versus us" debate and yet, it is "all of us" that create the demand for electricity, not the utilities. They are just responding to demand. The major brown and black outs experienced by the northeast were not accompanied by media reports demanding clean power. Headlines simply said, "Who turned out the lights", and the blame was clearly leveled at utility operations and policies.

I do not want this Blog to be a debate. The word debate implies winners and losers. I believe if any one loses, we all lose.

The opponents are not other people or utilities or big business. The opponents are energy resource depletion, skyrocketing costs due to scarcity, and a forced, unplanned and unwelcome decline in our standard of living. Lowering the thermostat and dimming the light campaigns have not worked. People do not want to freeze in the dark just to save a little money. They do not want to sacrifice comfort today for unclear savings tomorrow.

Yet, I believe if everyone really knew what utility executives know; and if utility executives knew what so called alternative energy homeowners know; that we would all feel better about the choices being made. We would feel better because we would understand each others point of view and have each others facts and assumptions.

So, the purpose of my Blog is to 1) provide a discussion forum about electric energy generation and consumption issues. 2) Insist that the answers offered in the forum be win/win answers; answers that increase utility share holder revenues while increasing sustainable energy choices and keeping costs in line for everyone. 3) Offer incremental recipes for solving electricity generation problems in which we can all participate.

The problem being that our current energy use practices are not sustainable. We can argue that one fuel has a 50 year life and another fuel has a 250 year life, but no matter how you cut it each hydro-carbon fuel choice will run out some day. It may be amusing to quote, " the stone age did not end because we ran out of stones", and hope for that magic technological solution undreamed of today. Yet, the promise of hope is best realized in action.

Many people think we have a win/loose situation. Either the economy wins by destroying the earth, or the earth wins by destroying the economy. A planet with an environment so degraded that everyone’s health suffers irreparable damage can not be good for business. Let us see if we can find answers that everyone likes. Let us see which facts and actions we can agree upon. Lets make our own energy policy.